2  53 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

GEORGE  OTIS  SMITH,  DreECTOR 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  STYLE  BOOK* 

OF  THE 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

DESIGNED  FOR  THE  USE  OF 

TYPEWRITER  OPERATORS  ENGAGED  IN  PREPARING 
MANUSCRIPT  FOR  PRINTING 

COMPILED   BY 

GEORGE  McLANE  WOOD 
EDITOR 


>^.. 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 
1915 


r  (.•  J<  iS 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/extractsfromstylOOunitrich 


DEPARTMENT  OP  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

GEORGE  OTIS  SMITH,  Director 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  STYLE  BOOK 


OF   THE 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 


DESIGNED  FOR  THE  USE  OP 

TYPEWRITER  OPERATORS  ENGAGED  IN  PREPARING 
MANUSCRIPT  FOR  PRINTING 


COMPILED   BY 

GEORGE  McLANE  WOOD 

EDITOR 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 
1915 


tlSRARt 
SCKOOl, 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  STYLE  BOOK  OF  THE 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 


A  large  part  of  the  time  of  the  editorial  clerka  employed  to  prepare  manuscripts 
of  Government  reports  for  printing  is  occupied  in  correcting  the  typewriter  opera- 
tors' errors  in  spelling,  capitalization,  punctuation,  the  use  of  figures,  the  forms  of 
abbreviations,  and  the  use  or  omission  of  hyphens  in  compound  words.  The  correc- 
tion of  these  errors  involves  considerable  expense  and  causes  delay  in  printing.  In 
order  to  diminish  the  number  of  these  errors,  and  thus  to  reduce  the  expense  of  pre- 
paring copy  for  printing  and  to  expedite  publication,  the  extracts  from  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office  Style  Book  here  presented  have  been  printed  for  the  use  of 
typewriter  operators  engaged  in  preparing  manuscripts  of  Government  reports.  The 
pages  selected,  except  pages  3,  4,  and  91,  have  been  printed  directly  from  the  elec- 
trotyped  plates  of  the  Style  Book  without  change  of  page  numbers. 

Typewriter  operators  who  are  preparing  matter  that  is  to  be  printed  should  famil- 
iarize themselves  with  this  pamphlet.     A  few  special  directions  are  given  below. 

Use  ordinary  letter  paper  and  leave  a  margin  of  at  least  an  inch  at  the  top  of  the 
page,  an  inch  at  the  left,  and  at  least  half  an  inch  at  the  bottom.  The  printers  pre- 
fer that  every  page  begin  with  a  paragraph;  therefore  do  not  start  a  paragraph  near 
the  bottom  of  a  page.  Every  page  should  be  numbered.  Temporary  page  numbers 
should  be  at  the  bottom. 

The  title  of  the  report  should  appear  not  only  on  the  title-page  but  at  the  top  of 
the  first  page  of  text,  with  the  author's  name  below  it,  the  name  to  be  written  between 
dashes,  one  above  and  one  below. 

Write  each  footnote  in  the  line  immediately  below  the  line  of  text  in  which  the 
reference  mark  occurs,  separating  it  from  the  text  above  and  below  by  lines  running 
across  the  page,  but  do  not  break  the  text  at  the  reference  mark  if  it  comes  in  the 
middle  of  a  line. 

Observe  that  every  table  and  section  is  provided  with  a  heading,  which  should  be 
underscored  for  italic,  and  observe  also  that  units  of  measurement  (as  feet,  inches, 
pounds,  tons)  are  written  at  heads  of  columns  of  figures  representing  such  units.  If 
dimensions  are  given  in  feet  and  inches  use  the  form  "Ft,  in."  at  the  head  of  the 
column. 

Use  etc.,  not  &c.  nor  et  cetera. 

Write  "half  a  mile,"  "a  quarter  of  a  mile,"  not  "a  half  mile,"  nor  '4  mile," 
Spell  out  fractions  that  stand  alone,  as  "one-half,"  "three-fourths";  but  write  ''3^," 
"  If  "  where  the  fraction  does  not  stand  alone  but  is  joined  to  a  whole  number. 

Operators  using  keyboards  bearing  no  figure  1  should  use  lower  case  1  for  this 
numeral.  If  capital  I  is  used  confusion  results,  vol,  II  appearing  instead  of  vol.  11, 
for  example. 

Write  16  by  (not  x)  24  inches. 

Use  a  comma  after  the  word  preceding  "and,"  "  or,"  or  other  connective  in  a  series 
of  three  or  more  words  or  phrases  like  "clay,  sand,  and  gravel"  ;  "the  upper  coal 
is  21  inches  thick,  the  parting  12  inches,  and  the  lower  coal  18  inches,"  Use  a  semi- 
colon before  "and"  if  the  other  members  of  the  series  are  separated  by  semicolons. 

3 


Omit  the  period  after  viz  and  per  cent  and  after  numbers  (1,  2,  3)  that  stand  over 
colimins  in  a  table. 

Use  a.  m.,  p.  m.  (not  A.  M.,  P.  M.)  with  figures  denoting  clock  time. 

Use  B.  t.  u.  for  British  thermal  units,  c.  c.  for  cubic  centimeter,  sp.  gr.  for  specific 
gravity,  F.  for  Fahrenheit,  and  C.  for  Centigrade  where  it  is  necessary  to  abbreviate 
these  terms. 

Write  June  20  (not  June  20th),  but  the  20th  of  June. 

Write  2d  and  3d,  not  2nd  and  3rd,  for  the  abbreviations  of  second  and  third. 

Note  carefully  the  following  "  Don'ts  "  : 

Don't  capitalize  any  words  except  proper  nouns  or  proper  adjectives  in  text, 
table  of  contents,  list  of  illustrations,  italic  side  headings,  or  legends  or  titles  for 
illustrations. 

Don't  use  '^  for  ''  Do."  or  "do.,"  meaning  ditto.  In  tables  use  "  Do."  (capitalized) 
in  first  and  last  columns;  "do."  elsewhere. 

Don't  use  %  for  per  cent,  nor  #  for  No. 

Don't  underscore  foreign  words  for  italic. 

Don't  underscore  center  headings,  and  don't  fail  to  underscore  side  headings. 

Don't  put  footnotes  at  the  bottom  of  the  page. 

Don't  underscore  names  of  fossils  when  they  are  arranged  in  lists  or  in  tables.  In 
text  underscore  the  name  of  genus  and  species  (or  genus,  species,  and  variety),  if 
given  together,  as  Spirifer  crispus,  Spirifer  crispus  simplex,  but  not  the  generic, 
family,  or  other  name  if  it  stands  alone,  as  MoUusca,  Brachiopoda,  Olenellus,  Spirifer. 

Don't  rewrite  matter  for  the  purpose  of  filling  a  sheet  with  typewriting.  The 
printer  will  not  leave  blank  spaces  where  they  may  happen  to  occur  in  "copy." 
The  rules  that  apply  to  letters  in  this  respect  need  not  be  applied  to  manuscript 
intended  for  printing.  The  presence  of  erasures  or  of  plainly  written  interlined 
words  or  phrases  may  be  tolerated,  and  pages  containing  these  need  not  be  rewritten. 
A  complicated  table  that  has  been  prepared  in  ink  need  not  be  typewritten  if  the 
writing  is  plain  in  every  part,  but  fine,  crowded  writing  or  pale  blue  prints  can  not 
be  accepted.    The  prime  requisite  is  that  the  matter  should  be  clearly  legible. 

Don't  crowd  anything  to  economize  paper.  It  is  impossible  to  make  "copy"  too 
plain,  and  room  must  be  left  for  editorial  marking.  This  direction  applies  to  tables, 
quoted  matter,  and  footnotes,  as  well  as  to  text. 


RULES  AND  STYLE  OF  COMPOSITION. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  following  rules  and  style  are  tx)  be  observed  in  Government  printing.  Bear 
in  mind  that  every  point  can  not  be  specifically  covered  and  that  the  rules  here 
laid  down  are  to  serve  as  a  general  guide. 


CAPITALIZATION. 

(See  also  Capitalization,  p.  65.) 

Capitalize  proper  names,  or  words  used  as  such,  singular  or  plural;  also  when  used 
as  adjectives,  unless  the  adjective  form  is  a  different  word,  derived  from  a  common 
noun  used  as  a  proper  noun  in  specific  cases;  for  example,  President  (presidential), 
Senate  (senatorial),  Congress  (congressional).  Province  (provincial).  Exceptions: 
Democratic,  Territorial,  as  relating  to  the  Democratic  Party  or  a  Territory  of  the 
United  States. 

Capitalize,  singular  or  plural,  with  the  name  or  standing  alone,  the  title  of  any 
ruler,  the  name  of  any  national  legislative  body  and  its  constitutent  branches,  and 
the  name  of  domain  or  administrative  subdivisions  of  any  country.  This  includes 
dependencies  like  Australia,  Canada,  etc.  Capitalize  also  the  adjective  forms,  unless 
embraced  in  the  exceptions  noted  in  the  preceding  paragraph. 

Capitalize  the  titles  of  State  legislative  bodies  when  accompanied  by  the  name,  as 
the  Massachusetts  General  Court,  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  the  New  York 
Assembly,  the  Assembly  of  New  York,  the  Rhode  Island  House  of  Representatives, 
the  House  of  Representatives  of  Rhode  Island,  Ohio  Legislature,  the  Legislature  of 
Ohio;  but  lower-case  the  general  court,  the  assembly,  the  house  of  representatives, 
the  legislature,  etc.,  when  standing  alone. 

Capitalize  the  titles  of  United  States  executive  departments,  bureaus,  services, 
etc.,  and  organizations  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  singular,  plural,  and  adjective  forms; 
lower-case  department,  bureau,  corps,  etc.,  when  standing  alone. 

Capitalize  all  geographic  terms,  singular  or^plttralj  when  with  the  name.  (See 
also  Geographic  Names,  pp.  24,  46.) 

Capitalize  street,  avenue,  road,  lane,  etc.,  singular  or  plmarl,  when  with  the  name. 

Capitalize  all  titles  immediately  preceding  names  of  persons,  but  lower-case  when 
following,  except  as  noted  on  page  34,  and  those  always  capitalized.  In  addresses 
and  with  signatures  capitalize  both  before  and  after  name. 

Capitalize  department,  bureau,  division,  office,  etc.,  when  used  with  a  name  that 
is  capitalized,  even  though  it  is  not  a  part  of  the  exact  title,  as  Pension  Office  for 
Bureau  of  Pensions,  Census  Office  for  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Land  Department  for 
General  Land  Office,  Corporations  Division  for  Bureau  of  Corporations,  etc.  This 
refers  only  to  branches  of  the  Government. 

Capitalize  a  fanciful  or  popular  appellation  as  if  a  real  name,  as  Keystone  State, 
Bay  State,  City  of  Churches,  Monumental  City,  Capital  City,  Windy  City,  the  Hub, 
Great  Father  (the  President),  etc. 

Capitalize  names  of  monuments,  tombs,  statues,  etc.,  when  of  a  public  character, 
as  Bunker  Hill  Monument,  Grant's  Tomb,  Rochambeau  Statue,  Statue  of  Liberty, 
etc.;  but  lower-case  the  words  ** monument,"  *'tomb,"  *' statue,"  etc.,  when  used 
in  a  general  way,  as  the  statue  of  Columbus,  the  tomb  of  Napoleon,  etc. 

Capitalize  such  terms  as  the  following  when  with  a  name  or  number  and  used  as  a 
proper  noun.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  confound  a  proper  adjective  with  a  proper 
noun.  For  instance,  the  Johnson  House  would  mean  a  hotel  and  therefore  be  a 
proper  noun;  but  should  a  house  be  referred  to  that  was  the  property  of  or  occupied 
by  a  family  named  Johnson,  it  would  be  the  Johnson  house.  Pier  A  or  Pier  19, 
but  at  the  White  Star  Line's  pier;  Boston  Light,  Boston  and  Boone  Island  Lights, 
etc.,  but  Massachusetts  Bay  lights. 

Weir. 

Wharf. 

Woods. 

21 


Breakwater. 

Dry  Dock. 

Jetty. 

Light  Vessel. 

Chute. 

Dune. 

Landing.    • 

Lock. 

Dam. 

Ferry. 

Levee. 

Pier. 

Dike. 

Forest. 

Light. 

Reservoir. 

Dock. 

House. 

Lighthouse. 

Slip. 

22  .'A:  .''ifTJil^i^/Afip   ^ii^E   OF   COMPOSITION. 

Capitalize  nouns,  pronouns,  adjectives  (except  the  articles  "a,"  "an,"  and  "the"), 
adverbs,  verbs,  and  first  and  last  words  in  headings  set  in  caps  and  lower  case  or  caps 
and  small  caps,  titles  of  books,  j)ublications,  lectures,  etc.,  when  it  is  intended  that 
the  principal  words  shall  be  capitalized. 

Lower-case,  when  standing  alone,  the  common  noun  in  titles,  except  Government, 
Army,  and  Navy;  for  example,  Treasury  Department,  Patent  Office,  Labor  Bureau, 
and  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  should  be  referred  to  as  the  department,  the 
office,  the  bureau,  and  the  commission;  but  the  Government,  the  Army,  and  the 
Navy  for  United  States  Government,  United  States  Army,  and  United  States  Navy. 
These  exceptions  are  made  because  the  short  form  is  the  one  commonly  used  and 
if  lower-cased  would  be  brought  into  direct  contrast  with  titles  of  subordinate 
organizations  which  are  capitalized . 

Lower-case  the  names  of  districts  (congressional,  judicial,  etc.),  except  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  or  the  District  of  Alaska.    Also  lower-case  wards  and  precincts. 

Lower-case  the  following  words  of  common  usage  which  were  originally  proper 
names,  but  whose  significance  as  such  has  become  obscured,  or  when  used  before 
nouns  in  common  use  to  specify  merchandise: 

belleek  ware.  harveyized  steel.  mercerized  fabrics.  roman  (type), 

bologna  sausage.  India  ink.  merino  sheep.  russia  (leather), 

chinaware.  India  rubber.  morocco  (leather).  timothy  grass, 

china  clay.  levantine  silk.  navy  blue.  Venetian  blinds, 

delftware.  lyonnaise  potatoes.  navy  cloth.  wedgewood  ware, 

frankfurter  (sausage).         macadamized  road.  osnaburg.  (See  also    Trade 

gothic  (tyi)e).  manilarope.  pasteurized  milk.  names,  p.  27.) 

Lower-case  adjectives  and  verbs  ending  in  "ize,"  "ed,"  "ify,"  and  "ing,"  though 
the  original  word  be  a  proper  noun,  when  applied  to  trade  products  or  processes,  as 
harveyized,  pasteurized,  macadamized,  galvanized,  mercerized,  etc.;  otherwise  capi- 
talize, as  Christianize,  Americanize,  Frenchify,  Bryanize,  etc. 

ADDRESSES,  ETC.  Capitalize  the  principal  words  in  addresses,  signatures,  and 
date  lines.    (See  also  Addresses,  p.  41.) 

ABMY. 

Capitalize  the  United  States  Army,  the  Army,  the  Army  Establishment,  the  Regu- 
lar Army,  the  Volunteer  Army,  the  Regular  and  Volunteer  Armies,  the  Regulars, 
the  Volunteers. 

Capitalize  standing  alone  and  also  when  used  as  an  adjective;  the  Army,  an  Army 
officer,  etc. 

Capitalize  its  organizations  and  branches,  as  the  Cavalry,  Infantry,  Field  Artillery, 
Coast  Artillery,  Engineer  Corps,  Nurse  Corps,  Pay  Corps,  etc.;  also  when  used 
as  an  adjective,  as  Infantry  or  Cavalry  officer.  Marine  Corps  man.  Engineer  Corps 
work,  etc.;  but  lower-case  artilleryman,  infantryman,  cavalryman.  Similar  cap- 
italization to  apply  to  State  organizations. 

Capitalize  the  names  of  foreign  organizations,  as  British  Army,  the  Royal  Guards, 
Gordon  Highlanders,  Eighty-eighth  Connaught  Rangers,  etc. 

Foreign:  Lower-case  army,  navy,  cavalry,  etc.,  unless  name  is  given. 

Lower-case  organizations  bearing  names  of  persons,  as  Robinson's  brigade,  Wheat's 
regiment,  etc. 

(See  also  Guide  to  capitalization,  p.  28.) 

BOABD,  BUREAU,  COMMISSION,  DIVISION,  AND  EXPERIMENT  STATION. 

Capitalize  all  United  States  Government  boards,  bureaus,  commissions,  divisions, 
and  experiment  stations,  as  the  Board  of  Visitors,  the  General  Board,  the  Naval 
Retiring  Board,  the  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks,  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission, the  Bureau  of  Soils,  Storrs  Experiment  Station,  etc.;  but  lower-case 
when  standing  alone,  as  the  board,  bureau,  etc. 

Capitalize  State  and  other  boards  when  accompanied  by  proper  name,  as  Ohio 
Board  of  Health,  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Boston,  etc.;  but  lower-case  when 
standing  alone,  as  the  board,  board  of  health,  board  of  pharmacy,  etc. 

(See  also  Guide  to  capitalization,  p.  28.) 

COLLEGE  DEGREES.  Lower-case  when  spelled,  as  the  degree  of  doctor  of  laws,  the 
degree  of  master  of  arts,  etc. 

COMMITTEE.  Capitalize  all  standing  and  select  committees  of  the  Senate  and  the 
House  of  Representatives,  as  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads 
(Senate),  Committee  on  the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads  (House),  Committee  of 
the  Whole  House  on  the  state  of  the  UnioE,  Subcommittee  on  Appropriations, 
General  Supply  Committee,  etc. 


RULES   AND   STYLE    OF   COMPOSITION. 


23 


DEITY.    Capitalize  all  words  denoting  Deity,  as  All-Wise;  also  all  pronouns  except 
those  commencing  with  the  letter  *'w,"  as  who,  whom,  or  whose. 

DEPARTMENT. 

Capitalize  when  referring  to  an  executive  department  or  a  bureau  of  the  United 
States  Government  when  name  is  given,  singular  or  plural;  lower-case  standing 
alone,  as  the  department;  and  also  as  an  adjective,  as  a  department  clerk,  a 
departmental  position. 

Lower-case  when  referring  to  the  coordinate  branches  of  the  Government,  as  the 
legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  departments, 

DISTRICT. 

Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  District  of  Columbia  or  the  District  of  Alaska;  also 

any  synonymous  term,  as  Federal  District. 
Lower-case  congressional,  State,  judicial,  and  other  districts. 

FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS. 

Capitalize,  singular  or  plural,  with  the  name  or  standing  alone,  the  title  of  any 
ruler,  the  name  of  any  legislative  body  and  its  constituent  branches,  and  the 
name  of  domain  and  its  administrative  subdivisions  when  referring  definitely 
to  any  one  of  the  titles  or  names  given  in  the  following  table,  but  lower-case 
names  of  foreign  bureaus  and  titles  of  foreign  officers  and  cabinet  members  when 
used  without  names: 

Table  of  foreign  Governments. 

[Compiled  from  Statesman's  Year  Book,  1910.] 


Country. 


Abyssinia . . . 
Afghanistan. 
Argentina... 


Austria  -  Hun- 
Austria. . . 


Hungary.. 


Belgium. 
Bhutan. 
Bolivia. . 


Brazil . 


Bulgaria. 
Chile 


China. 


Colombia. 


Costa  Rica. 
Cuba 


Denmark . 


Dominican 
Republic 
(Santo  Do- 
mingo). 

Ecuador 


France . 


German 
pire. 


Em- 


Greece. 


Guatemala. 

Haiti 

Honduras . . 

Italy.. 


Japan. 


Chosen. 
Liberia 


Title  of  ruler. 


King 

Ameer 

President. 


Emperor. 


King. 


....do.... 
Maharaja. 
President. 


.do. 


King 

President. 


.do. 
.do. 


King 

President. 


....do... 
....do... 
Emperor. 


King 

President. 
....do.... 
....do.... 
King 


Em  per  or  (Mi- 
kado). 


President. 


Legislative  body  and  branches. 


National  Congress:  Senate,  House  of 
Deputies. . 


Parliament  (Reichsr ath):  Upper 

House  (Herrenhaus),  Lower  House 

( A  bgeordnetenhaus ) . 
Parliament     (Orszdggyiil^s):     Upper 

House  (ForendihAz),  Lower  House 

(K<^pviselohdz). 
Senate,  Chamber  of  Representatives.., 


Congress:  Senate,  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties. 

National  Congress:  Senate,  Chamber 
of  Deputies. 

National  Assembly  (SobranjS) 

National  Congress:  Senate,  Chamber 
of  Deputies. 

National  Assembly:  Upper  House, 
Lower  House. 

Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Represent- 
atives. 

Congress:  Chamber  of  Representatives. 

Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Represent- 
atives. 

Rigsdag  (orDiet):  Landsthing, 
Folkething. 

National  Congress:  Senate,  Chamber 
of  Deputies. 


.do. 


National  Assembly  or  Congress:  Sen- 
ate, Chamber  of  Deputies. 
Bundesrath,  Reichstag 


Legislative  Assembly  (Bul4). 


National  Assembly 

Senate,  Chamber  of  Communes 

Congress  of  Deputies 

Parliament:  Senate,  Chamber  of  Dep- 
uties. 

Imperial  Diet:  House  of  Peers,  House 
of  Representatives. 


Parliament:  Senate, 
sentatives. 


House  of  Repre- 


Domain  and  adminis- 
trative subdivisions. 


Empire:  Kingdom. 
Kingdom:  Province. 
Republic:  Province. 

Territory. 
Empire  and  Kingdom. 

Province. 


Do. 


Kingdom:  Province. 

State. 

Republic:  Department, 
Territory. 

Republic:  State,  Federal 
District. 

Kingdom:  Province. 

Republic:  Province,  Ter- 
ritory. 

RepubUc:  Province. 

Republic:  Department. 

Republic:  Province. 
Do. 

Kingdom:  Amt(County).. 

Republic:  Province,  Dis- 
trict. 


Republic:  Province,  Ter- 
ritory. 
RepubUc:  Department. 

Empire:  State,  King- 
dom, Grand  Duchy, 
Duchy,  and  Principal- 
ity. 

Kingdom:  Nome  or  De- 
partment. 

RepubUc:  Department. 
Do. 
Do. 

Kingdom:  Province. 


Empire:  Fu    and 

(Prefecture). 
Province. 
RepubUc:  County. 


Ken 


24 


RULES  AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 
Table  of  foreign  Governments — Continued. 


Country. 


Title  of  ruler. 


Legislative  body  and  branches. 


Domain  and  adminis- 
trative subdivisions. 


Luxemburg . 
Mexico 


Monaco 

Montenegro . 
Morocco..... 

Nepal 

Netherlands. 

Nicaragua... 


Norway . . 

Oman 

Panama. . 
Paraguay. 


Persia. 
Peru.. 


Porto  Rico . . 
Portugal 


Roiimania. 
Russia 


Salvador. 
Servia 


Siam 

Spain 

Sweden. . 


Switzerland . . 


Turkey. 


United  King- 
dom of  Great 
Britain  and 
Ireland. 
Australia. . 


Canada. 


New  Zea- 
land. 

South  Af- 
rica. 
Uruguay 


Venezuela. 


Grand  Duke. 
President 


Prince. 
King... 
Sultan. 
King... 
Queen. 


President. 


Chamber  of  Deputies 

Congress:    Senate,   House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 


Parliament. 


States-General:  First   Chamber, 
ond  Chamber. 


Sec- 


King 

Sultan.... 
President. 
....do 


Storting:  Lagting,  Odelsting. 


Shah 

President. 


Governor. . 
President. 


King 

Emperor. 

President . 
King 


...do 

...do 

...do 


President. 

Sultan 

King 


Governor    Gen- 
eral. 
..-.do 


Governor. 


Governor    Gen- 
eral. 
President 


.do. 


Chamber  of  Deputies 

Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Deputies. 


National  Council 

Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Represent- 
atives. 

Legislative  Assembly 

Cortes  Geraes:  House  of  Peers,  House 
of  Commons. 

Senate,  Chamber  of  Deputies , 

Council  of  the  Empire,  Dvuna 


Congress  of  Deputies , 

National     Assembly     (Narodna- 

Skupshtina). 
Legislative  Cotmcil , 

Cortes:  Senate,  Congress  of  Deputies. . , 

Parliament  (or  Diet):  First  Chamber, 
Second  Chamber. 

Parliament:  State  Covmcil  (Stande- 
rath),  National  Covmcil  (National- 
rath). 

Parliament:  Senate,  Chamber  of  Dep- 
uties. 

Parliament:  House  of  Lords,  House  of 
Commons. 


Federal  Parliament:  Senate,  House  of 
Representatives. 

•Parliament:  Senate,  House  of  Com- 
mons. 

General  Assembly:  Legislative  Coun- 
cil, House  of  Representatives. 

Parliament:  Senate,  House  of  Assem- 
bly. 

Parliament:  Senate,  Chamber  of  Rep- 
resentatives. 

Congress:  Senate,  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties. 


Grand  Duchy:  Canton. 
Republic:    State,    Terri- 
tory, Federal  District. 
Principality. 
Kingdom. 

Sultanate:  Province. 
Kingdom. 
Kingdom:  Province. 

Republic:    Department, 

Comarcas. 
Kingdom:  Amt(County). 
Sultanate. 

Republic:  Province. 
Republic  :Partido 

(County). 
Kingdom:  Province. 
Republic:  Department. 

Department. 
Republic:  Province. 

Kingdom:  Department. 
Empire:  Government, 

Province. 
Republic:  Department. 
Kingdom:  Department. 

Kingdom:  Province. 

Kingdom:  Lan  (Govern- 
ment). 
Republic:  Canton. 


Empire:  Vilayet. 

Empire:    Coimty,    Bor- 
ough, University. 


Commonwealth:  State. 

Dominion:  Province. 

Dominion:  Counties, 

Boroughs. 
Union:  Province. 

Republic:  Department. 

Republic:  State,     Terri- 
tory, Federal  District. 


QEOGRAPHIC  NAMES,  ETC. 
Capitalize,  singular  or  plural,  when  immediately  following  the  name: 


Aqueduct. 
Archipelago. 


Bend. 

Branch  (stream). 

Butte. 

Canal. 

Channel. 

County. 


Crater. 

Creek. 

Dome. 

Draw  (stream). 

Flats. 

Fork  (stream). 

Gap. 

Glacier. 

Groul 

Gulcl 


Harbor. 

Hill. 

Hollow. 

Inlet. 

Island. 

Islet. 


Ocean. 
Parish  (La.) 
Park. 


t 


Moimtain. 
Narrows. 
Nation  (Okla.). 


Peninsula. 

Plateau. 

Pond. 

Range  (mountain). 

Reef. 

Ridge. 


Rim  (stream). 

Shoal. 

Sound. 

Spring. 

Township. 

Tiumel. 


Capitalize,  singular  or  plural,  either  before  or  after  and  when  a  part  of  the  name: 


Bay. 

Bayou. 

Camp  (military). 

Canyon. 

Cape. 


Dalles  (The). 

Desert. 

Falls. 

Fort. 

Head. 


Isle. 
Lake. 
Mount. 
Oasis. 


Peak. 
Point. 
Port  (but  port  of 

New  York). 
River. 


Strait. 
Valley. 
Volcano. 


E3L\MPLEs:  Chesapeake  Bay,  Bay  of  Fundy,  Massachusetts  and  Delaware  Bays,  Bays  of  Fundy 
and  Biscay,  Delaware  River  and  Bay  River  Plata,  etc.    Use  lower  case  for  such  an  expression  as 

the  valleys  of  Virginia  and  Maryland"  (or  a  like  one  involvmg  any  other  word  in  this  list),  as  the 
word    vaUey s  "  in  this  sense  is  the  general  use  of  the  word  and  not  part  of  a  name. 


BULES   AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


25 


Capitalize  the  following  when  standing  alone  and  referring  to  the  name  in  paren- 
theses, also  when  used  as  adjectives: 


Avenue   (Pennsylvania    Avenue,    Washing- 
ton, D.  C). 
Canal  Zone  (Panama). 
Capes  (Charles  and  Henry). 
Delta  (of  the  Mississippi  River). 
Falls  (Niagara). 
Gulf  (of  Mexico). 

Highway  Bridge  (Washington,  D.  C). 
Isthmus  (of  Panama). 
Lakes  (Great  Lakes). 
Library  (Library  of  Congress). 


Mall  (in  District  of  Columbia), 

Monument  (Washington  Monximent). 

Museum  (National  Museum). 

Peninsula  (Spain). 

Plains  (Great  Plains). 

Plaza  (Union  Station  Plaza). 

Public   Library   (Carnegie   Library,   Washington, 

Soimd  (Long  Island;  Puget). 

Street  (Wall  Street,  financial  district  of  New  York), 


GEOLOGIC  AGES,  ETC. 

The  orthography,  capitalization,  compounding,  and  use  of  quotations  shown  in 
the  terms  below  should  be  followed  in  general  work.  It  should  be  noted  that 
"Coal  Measures"  is  a  subdivision  of  the  Carboniferous  system;  " Calcif erous " 
and  "Magnesian"  are  lithologic  subdivisions  of  the  Cambrian  and  Ordovician, 
respectively;  and  "Red  Beds"  is  used  for  Permo-Triassic  rocks  of  the  West;  and 
that  these  terms,  if  used  in  a  common-noun, sense,  are  not  capitalized  or  quoted. 
The  adjectives  upper,  middle,  and  lower,  when  used  with  Carboniferous  or 
Tertiary,  are  not  to  be  capitalized  unless  the  term  is  quoted  (upper  Carbonifer- 
ous; "Upper  Carboniferous").     Follow  copy  as  to  any  of  the  preceding  terms. 


Acadian. 

Devonian: 

magnesian. 

Pliocene: 

Algonkian. 

Lower. 

Mesozoic. 

post-Pliocene 

Archean. 

Middle. 

Miocene: 

pre-Pliocene. 

"Calciferous." 

Upper. 

lower. 

Proterozoic. 

calciferous. 

Eocene: 

middle. 

Quaternary. 

Cambrian: 

lower. 

upper. 

Recent. 

Lower. 

middle. 

Mohawkian. 

"Red  Beds." 

Middle. 

upper. 

Neocene. 

red  beds. 

pre-Cambrian. 
Upper. 

Georgian. 

Oligocene: 

Saratogan. 

glacial: 

lower. 

Silurian. 

Carboniferous: 

interglacial. 
postglacial, 
preglacial. 

middle. 

Tertiary. 

lower, 
upper. 

upper. 
Ordovician: 

Triassic: 
Lower. 

Cenozoic. 

Jurassic: 

Lower. 

Middle. 

Cincinnatian, 

Lower. 

Middle. 

Upper. 

"Coal  Measures." 

Middle. 

Upper. 

coal  measures. 

Upper. 

Paleozoic. 

"Corniferous." 

"Jiu-atrias," 

Permian. 

Cretaceous: 

"Lignitic." 

"  Permo-Carboniferous.' 

' 

Lower. 

licnitic. 
"Magnesian." 

Pleistocene. 

Upper. 

The  scheme  for  th6  use  of  hjrphens  in  petrographic  terms  is  based  on  the  single 
principle  that  like  names  are  connected  by  a  hyphen  and  unlike  names  are  not. 
The  names  used  in  such  terms  are  of  four  classes — (a)  rock  names,  (6)  mineral 
names,  (c)  textural  names,  and  (d)  names  expressing  the  kind  of  clastic  aggregation. 
Any  two  or  more  names  of  either  class  are  connected  by  a  hyphen;  others  are  not. 
The  principal  names  of  classes  c  and  d  are  as  follows:  (c)  Felsophyre,  gneiss, 
porphyry,  schist,  vitrophyre;  (d)   agglomerate,  breccia,  conglomerate,  sand,  tuff. 

The  subjomed  examples  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  principle: 


biotite  gneiss, 
diabase-gabbro. 
glaucophane  schist. 

granite  gneiss, 
omblende-mica  andesite. 
latite-phonolite. 


leucite  granite  porphyry, 
mica  diorite  porphyry, 
olivine-augite  andesite. 
orthoclase  gabbro-diorite. 
pyroxene-mica  diorite. 
quartz-biotite-gamet  gneiss. 


quartz-mica  latite. 
quartz  monzonite  porphyry, 
quartz-tourmaline  porphyry- 
syenite-pegmatite. 


GOVERNMENT.  Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  United  States  Government  or 
to  foreign  Governments,  as  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  the  Japanese 
Government,  the  Canadian  Government,  National  and  State  Governments,  etc., 
the  Governments  of  the  United  States  and  England,  the  two  Governments,  the 
Governments  of  Europe,  the  Government,  Government  control,  Government 
employee.  Government  ownership,  etc.  Lower-case  in  the  abstract  sense,  as 
this  Government  is  a  government,  the  reins  of  government,  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment, etc.;  referring  to  a  State  of  the  United  States,  the  State  government. 

HEADINGS.     Display  headings  should  be  all  capitals  unless  otherwise  indicated. 

LOWER  OR  UPPER.  Capitalize  when  part  of  a  proper  name,  as  Lower  California 
(Mexico),  Lower  Egypt,  Lower  (or  Upper)  Peninsula  of  Michigan;  but  lower- 
case lower  (or  upper)  peninsula  unaccompanied  by  name;  also  when  used  merely 
as  a  descriptive  word,  as  lower  Mississippi,  etc. 


26  EULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 

MEMBEBS  OF  CONGRESS .  Capitalize,  singular  or  plural,  when  referring  to  a 
Senator,  Representative,  Member,  Delegate,  or  Resident  Commissioner  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States. 

NATION.  Capitalize  when  used  as  a  synonym  for  the  United  States;  also  in  referring 
to  a  geographic  subdivision  of  Oklahoma,  singular  or  plural,  when  immediately 
preceded  by  name,  as  Creek  Nation,  etc.;  also,  singular  or  plural,  with  names  of 
any  of  the  Five  Civilized  Tribes;  otherwise  lower-case. 

NATIONAL.  Capitalize  when  preceding  any  word  that  is  capitalized,  as  National 
Government;  also  National  and  State  Governments  and  National  Capital;  other- 
wise lower-case,  as  the  national  spirit. 

NAVY.  Capitalize  the  same  as  Army;  also  its  organizations,  including  Marine  Corps, 
but  lower-case  navy  yard,  navy-yard  employees,  etc.     (See  also  Army,  p.  22.) 

NXJMBEBS  USED  AS  NAMES.  Capitalize  when  a  part  of  a  name  of  an  organiza- 
tion, or  as  a  title  that  is  capitalized,  as  First  Regiment,  Twelfth  Census,  Charles 
the  First;  Document  Numbered  One  hundred  and  twenty,  One  hundred  and 
tenth  Street;  otherwise  lower-case,  as  second  district,  fifth  ward,  tenth  precinct. 

PRESIDENT .  Capitalize;  also  any  synonymous  title  referring  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  as  Chief  Magistrate,  Commander  in  Chief,  Executive,  His 
Excellency,  etc.     Lower-case  presidential. 

PROVINCE.  Capitalize  when  used  as  a  synonym  for  State  and  the  Provinces  of  the 
Philippine  Islands,  as  the  Province  of  Manila,  Province  of  Ontario,  the  Province, 
etc.     Lower-case  provincial. 

RESERVATION  OR  RESERVE.  Capitalize  when  immediately  following  the  name 
of  a  forest,  military,  or  Indian  reservation  or  reserve,  singular  or  plural;  but 
lower-case  Fort  Leavenworth  hay  reservation,  etc. 

ROMAN  NUMERALS,  ETC. 

Capitalize  the  terms  used  with  Roman  numerals  as  titles,  as  Chapter  XV,  Section 

II,  Plate  VI,  Group  IV,  etc. 
When  not  a  title,  or  when  other  than  Roman  numerals  are  used,  lower-case,  as 

abstract  B,  section  A  (of  a  land  plat,  etc.),  group  A,  station  B  (in  surveying  or 

like  work),  class  1,  class  A,  volume  1,  chapter  1,  etc. 

SCIENTIFIC  NAMES.  Capitalize  the  names  of  genera,  families,  orders,  etc.,  as  the 
17-year  locust  or  periodical  cicada  [the  insect].  Cicada  septendedm  [the  first  the 
name  of  the  genus,  the  second  the  name  of  the  species],  belongs  to  the  family 
Cicadidae.     Always  lower-case  the  name  of  the  species. 

SOCIETIES,  UNIONS,  ETC.  Capitalize  when  immediately  associated  with  name, 
as  Bos  on  Medical  Society,  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  Columbia  and  Baltimore 
Typographical  Unions,  etc. 

SOLDIERS'  HOME.  Capitalize  when  name  is  given,  as  Soldiers'  Home  (in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  only),  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers, 
Central  Branch,  Eastern  Home,  Iowa  and  Ohio  Soldiers'  Homes,  Soldiers'  Home 
of  Ohio,  etc.     Lower-case  home  and  branch  standing  alone. 

STATE. 

Capitalize  the  same  as  Government. 

Capitalize  State's  attorney.  State's  evidence;  but  lower-case  such  expressions  as 

affairs  of  state,  church  and  state,  secretary  of  state  of  Indiana;  also  the  words 

"statehood,"  ''statehouse." 
Lower-case  sections  of  States,  as  east  Illinois,  western  Kansas,  east  Tennessee,  etc. 

STATION.  Capitalize  when  immediately  following  the  name  of  a  life-saving,  mili- 
tarv,  or  naval  station  of  the  United  States;  also  Station  A  or  South  Side  Station, 
Substation  No.  24,  Broad  Street  Station,  tlnion  Depot,  Union  Station,  etc. 

STREETS,  ETC.  Capitalize  such  terms  as  alley,  avenue,  circle,  court,  lane,  place, 
road,  street,  and  square,  singular  or  plural,  when  with  the  name. 

TERRITORY  OR  TERRITORIAL.  Capitalize  when  referring  to  any  organized  Ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States,  singular  or  plural.  See  also  Foreign  Governments, 
p.  23. 

THE.  Capitalize  when  a  part  of  a  name,  as  The  Hague,  The  Dalles  (Oreg.),  The 
Weirs  (N.  H.),  etc.;  certain  geographic  formations,  as  The  Buttes  (in  Sutter 
County,  Cal.),  etc.;  The  Bronx,  The  Adjutant  General  (authorized  by  law). 
Lower-case  the  Netherlands.  (See  also  Court  style,  p.  51,  and  Correct 
Orthography  of  Geographic  Names,  46.) 


RULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION.  2t 

TITLES  OF  BOOKS,  HISTORICAL  DOCUMENTS,  QUOTATIONS,  ETC. 

Capitalize  the  principal  words  of  a  title,  as  The  Chasm  of  the  Colorado,  painted 
by  Thomas  Moran;  Twelfth  Night,  a  play  written  by  William  Shakespeare. 

Quote  and  capitalize  the  principal  words  of  a  title  when  introduced  thus:  A  book 
entitled  "The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables." 

Capitalize  historical  documents,  as  Declaration  of  Independence,  Constitution 
(United  States),  Articles  of  Confederation  (United  States),  Bill  of  Rights, 
Magna  Charta. 

Capitalize  short  titles,  as  Bancroft's  History,  Brown's  Grammar. 

Capitalize  Government  documents,  reports,  etc.,  as  Document  No.  2,  Report  No.  8, 
but  lower-case  document  and  report  standing  alone;  Articles  of  War,  the  sixty- 
second  article  of  war;  Book  of  Estimates,  the  estimates;  Revised  Statutes,  Stat- 
utes at  Large,  referring  to  the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  also  to  those  of  any 
State;  the  New  York  Code;  the  District  Code,  referring  to  the  Code  of  Laws  for 
the  District  of  Columbia;  Supplement  to  the  Revised  Statutes;  Journal  (House 
or  Senate) ;  calendar  when  with  the  name  of  one  of  the  House  calendars,  as  Union 
Calendar,  etc.;  the  Senate  Calendar;  Private  and  Union  Calendars;  Coast  Pilot; 
Nautical  Almanac. 

Capitalize  Bible,  Biblical,  Scriptures,  Scriptural,  etc.;  but  gospel  only  when  refer- 
ring to  one  of  the  four  memoirs  of  Jesus  Christ  contained  in  the  New  Testament. 

Capitalize  the  first  word  and  proper  nouns  only  of  titles  of  articles  in  books,  mag- 
azines, and  newspapers  when  referred  to  in  text,  and  quote:  "A  story  of  life  in 
New  Orleans  during  the  Mexican  War." 

Capitalize  the  first  word  of  direct  and  indirect  quotations:  (1)  Pope  said,  "Praise 
undeserved  is  scandal  in  disguise  " ;  (2)  The  question  is,  Shall  the  bill  pass? 

Place  all  points  (and  three  stars  when  used  at  end  of  quoted  matter)  inside  the 
quotation  marks:  "John  B.  *  *  *."  "Is  this  plain?  ^  *  *."  "I  was 
going  to    *    *    *." 

Poetry  should  be  aligned  on  the  left,  lines  which  rhyme  taking  the  same  inden- 
tion.    When  quotations  occur  at  the  beginning  of  a  line,  they  should  clear. 

TITLES  OF  NOBILITY,  COURTESY,  ETC. 

Capitalize  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Bishop  of  India,  Duke 
of  Argyle,  Count  of  Flanders,  Edward  Earl  of  Dorset,  etc. 

The  prepositions  "d',"  "da,"  "de,"  "della,"  "di,"  "1',"  "van,"  "von,"  etc., 
in  names  from  foreign  languages,  when  preceded  by  a  forename,  a  title  of  nobil- 
ity, a  professional  title,  or  one  of  courtesy,  should  be  lower-cased;  as  Charles 
de  B16,  Cardinal  da  Ponte,  Marquis  de  Lafayette,  Mr.  de  Thou,  M.  d'Orbigny, 
Sefior  da  Yznaga,  Gen.  della  Santa  Maria,  Dr.  d'Ouvillier,  Capt.  di  Cesnola, 
Admiral  van  Tromp,  Count  von  Moltke,  etc. 

Prepositions  in  names  from  foreign  languages,  without  a  forename,  a  title  of  nobil- 
ity, a  professional  title,  or  one  of  courtesy,  such  as  "van"  in  Dutch,  "von"  in 
German,  "de"  or  "d'  "  in  French,  or  "da,"  "della,"  or  "di"  in  Italian,  should 
be  capitalized;  as  Van  Tromp,  Von  Humboldt,  De  Thou,  D'Orsay,  Da  Ponte, 
Della  Crusca,  Di  Cesnola. 

Capitalize  titles  in  the  second  person  only  when  used  as  synonyms  of  proper  names: 
You  will  go.  Major,  to  New  York;  I  am,  General,  yours,  etc. 

TOWNSHIP.  Capitalize  immediately  following  the  name,  singular  or  plural;  lower- 
case preceding  a  number,  as  township  14  north,  etc. 

TRADE  NAMES.  Capitalize  the  distinguishing  name  of  a  manufactured  product, 
as  Eagle  pencil,  Stickwell  paste,  Seller's  typewriter,  Pears'  soap,  Ceres  flour, 
etc.  In  trade  names  of  preparations,  etc.,  capitalize  the  principal  words,  as 
Quaker  Oats,  Force,  Sapolio,  Shredded  Wheat,  Bon  Ami,  Puffed  Rice,  etc.  (See 
also  p.  22.) 

TREASURY  AND  SUBTREASURY.  Referring  to  the  United  States  Treasury,  cap- 
italize the  General  Treasury,  Independent  Treasury,  the  National  Treasury,  the 
Public  Treasury,  the  Treasury,  Treasury  notes.  Treasury  official,  the  New  York 
Sub  treasury,  the  Sub  treasury. 

UNITED  STATES,  SECTIONS  OF. 

Capitalize  the  terms  East,  West,  North,  South,  Middle  West,  Central  West,  North- 
west, Southwest,  Pacific  Coast  States,  etc. 

Capitalize  the  terms  added  to  groups  of  States,  as  North  Atlantic,  South  Atlantic, 
Middle  Atlantic,  Gulf,  Middle,  Central,  Western,  Northwestern,  and  South- 
western; but  lower-case  a  term  prefixed  to  any  of  the  foregoing,  as  eastern  Gulf 
States,  eastern  North  Atlantic  States,  etc.;  also  southern  planters,  southwestern 
stock  growers,  eastern  manufacturers,  western  farmers,  etc. 


28 


RULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


GUIDE  TO  CAPITALIZATION. 


The  following  list  will  serve  as  a  guide  to 
as  complete.     This  capitalization  applies  to 

Act,  when  used  with  proper  name,  as  Bowman  Act, 
Aldrich-Pavne  Tariff  Act,  Morrill  Acts,  etc.,  or 
Tucker  and  Bowman  Acts. 
Acting,  when  preceding  any  title  that  is  capital- 
ized, as  Acting  Secretary  of  State,  etc. 
Actuary  of  the  Treasury, 
administration,  Taft,  etc. 
Admiral  (of  the  Na^'y). 
Admiralty  (British). 
Admiralty,  Lords  of  the. 
Agency,  Chippewa,  etc.  (Indian  only). 
Ages,  Dark,  Golden  (only  when  meaning  Golden 

Age  of  Pericles),  Middle. 
ACTiculture,    Department    of:    Chemist,    Editor, 

Entomologist,  Forester,  Librarian,  Solicitor, 
amendments  to  the  Constitution,   as  fourteenth 

amendment. 
American  Federation  of  Labor. 
American  National  Red  Cross. 
Ancient  Free  and  Accepted  Masons. 
Antarctic  ice. 
Antarctics,  the. 
Appendix  A,  1;  the  appendix, 
appropriation  bill:  Agriculture;  Army;  Diplomatic 
and    Consular;  District    of   Columbia;  fortifica- 
tions; general    deficiency;    Indian;    legislative, 
executive,    and    judicial;     Military    Academy; 
naval;   pensions;   Post  Office;   rivers  and   har- 
bors; sundry  civil;  urgent  deficiency. 
Aqueduct,  Washington,  etc. 
Aqueduct  Bridge.     ' 
Archipelago,  Philippine,  etc. 
Architect   of  the   Treasury,    of  the   Capitol;  the 

architect.       , 
Arctic  Seas. 
Arctics,  the. 

Armory,  Springfield,  etc. 
Army: 

Army  (adjective,  noun,  and  standing  alone). 

A  and  B  Companies,  Companies  A  and  B. 

Chief  of  Artillery,  the  chief. 

Chief  of  Engineers,  the  chief. 

Chief  of  Ordnance,  the  chief. 

Chief  Quartermaster  Corps,  the  chief. 

Chief  of  Staff,  the  chief. 

Chief  Signal  Officer,  the  chief. 

colonel  of  Cavalry,  etc. 

Confederate  (referring  to  Confederacy  of  the 
South),  the  Confederates. 

Continental,  all  forms. 

-Department  of  the  East,  the  department. 

First  Brigade,  the  brigade. 

General  Commanding  the. 

General  of  the. 

General  Staff. 

General  Staff  Corps, 

Gun  Factory. 

Headquarters  of  the;  headquarters  First  Regi- 
ment. 

Inspector  General. 

Judge  Advocate  General. 

Major  General  Commanding  the. 

Medical  Museum. 

Paymaster  General. 

Quartermaster  Corps. 

Regulations,  Army  reflation  56. 

Revolutionary  (American,  French,  British). 

Secend  and  Third  Regiments,  etc. 

service. 

Staff  Corps. 

Surgeon  General. 

The  Adjutant  General  (formerly  The  Military 
Secretary). 

War  College. 
Arsenal,  Rock  Island,  etc. 
Articles  of  Confederation  (United  States). 
Articles  of  War,  sixty-second  article  of  war. 
Artillery  School  (United  States). 
Asiatic  Station  (naval). 
Assembly,  New  York;  the  assembly. 
Assistant  (when  before  any  title  which  is  capital- 
ized). 
Associate  Justice  (United  States  Supreme  Court). 
Agsociated  Press. 


capitalization,  but  should  not  be  regarded 
plural  forms  also. 

Astrophysical  Observatory. 
Atlantic  Coast  States. 

Atlantic  slope,  coast,  seaboard,  and  torpedo  flotilla. 
Attorney  General. 

Auditor  for  the  State  and  Other  Departments. 
Auditor  for   the   War   Department,   the   Second 
Auditor,  etc.;  the  auditor. 

Bad  Lands  (South  Dakota  and  Nebraska). 
Band,  Eastern,  etc.,  of  Cherokee. 
Bank,  First  National,  etc. 

Barracks,  Vancouver,  Washington,   Marine  (Dis- 
trict of  Columbia),  but  the  barracks,  A  bar- 
racks, B  barracks,  etc. 
Battery,  the  (New  York  City). 
Battle  of  Gettysburg,  Waterloo,  the  Wilderness, 

etc.,  but  battle  at  Gettysburg,  etc. 
Bethlehem  Iron  Works. 
Bible,  Biblical,  Scriptures,  etc. 
bill,  Tillman. 

Bill  of  Rights  (historic  document). 
Black  Hand  (organization). 
B'nai  B'rith. 
Board: 

board  (standing  alone). 

Crop  Reporting. 

General  (of  Engineers). 

Naval  Examining. 

Naval  Retiring. 

of  Charities  (District  of  Columbia). 

of  Engineers. 

of  Food  and  Drug  Inspection. 

of  General  Appraisers. 

of  Indian  Commissioners. 

of  Managers  of  the  Soldiers'  Home. 

of  Ordnance  and  Fortification. 

of  Pension  Appeals. 

of  Regents;  Regents  (Smithsonian). 

of  Trade  of  Philadelphia,  Philadelphia  Board 
of  Trade,  etc.;  the  board  of  trade. 

of  Underwriters  (New  York). 

of  Visitors  (Annapolis  and  West  Point). 

Taft,  etc. 

the  Lighthouse  (now  Bureau  of  Lighthouses). 

United  States  Geographic. 
Book,    Good    Book    (synonym   for   Bible);    First 

Book  of  Samuel,  etc.,  books  of  the  Bible. 
Book  of  Estimates,  the  estimates. 
Borough  (New  York),  Brooklyn,  of  The  Bronx  (The 
Bronx,  standing  alone),  Manliattan,  Richmond, 
Queens. 
Botanic  Garden  (National). 
Bridge,  Cabin  John;  M  Street;  but  a  Pennsylvania 

Railroad  bridge. 
Brigadier  General  Commandant  (Marine  Corps). 
Building, Winder,  Treasury,  Colorado,  Atlantic,  etc. 
Business  Men's  League. 

Cabinet,  the. 

Cabinet  officer. 

Calendar,  Senate,  House,  Private,  Calendar  No.  99, 
Calendar  for  Unanimous  Consent,  etc.;  the 
calendar. 

Calendar  of  Bills  and  Resolutions. 

Canal  Zone  (Isthmian),  the  zone. 

Capital  ( Washington,  D.  C). 

Capitol,  the,  and  its  parts  (Chamber,  Hall,  Statu- 
ary Hall,  Hall  of  Fame,  Halls,  meaning  Hall  of 
the  House  and  Chamber  of  the  Senate);  Capitol 
Grounds,  Capitol  police. 

Cemetery,  Oak  Hill;  Arlington  National  Cemetery, 
but  national  cemetery  at  Arlington. 

Census  Bulletin  No.  420. 

Census,  Twelfth,  Thirteenth,  etc. 

central  Asia. 

century,  as  twentieth  century. 

Chair  (when  personified). 

Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  (House  of 
Representatives),  the  Chairman  (only  when 
above  chairman  is  meant). 

Chamber,  the  (Senate). 

Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Boston,  Boston  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce,  the  chamber  of  commerce. 

Cherokee  Strip  or  Outlet. 


BULES  AND  STYLE   OF  COMPOSITION. 


29 


Chicago  Sanitary  District. 

Chief  (when  used  with  name  of  a  Government 

bureau,  etc.),  the  chief. 
Chief  Constructor  (Navy). 
Chief  InteUigence  Officer  (Navy). 
Chief  Justice  (United  States  Supreme  Court). 
Chief  Magistrate  (the  President). 
Chief  of  the  Bureau  of,  etc. 
Chief  of  the  Record  and  Pension  Division. 
Chinese  Six  Companies. 
Christendom. 

Christian,  Christianity,  Christianize. 
Church  (when  name  is  given,  referring  to  building, 

congregation,  or  sect). 
Circle,  Arctic,  Iowa,  etc.;  but  great  circle. 
cis-Atlantic,  etc. 

City  (when  part  of  corporate  name,  also  the  follow- 
ing): 

City  of  Mexico. 

New  York  City. 

Washington  City. 
Coast  Pilot  (book). 

Code,  the  Mississippi,  the  District,  etc.;  the  code. 
College,  Columbia,  etc. 
Colonials  (of  colonial  times). 
Colonies  (the  original  group). 
Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf. 
Columbia  Typographical  Union,  No.  101;  Typo- 
graphical Union  101;  Local  Union  35. 
Commission: 

commission  (standing  alone). 

Alaskan  Boundary  Delimitation. 

California  D6bris. 

Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Mil- 
itary Park. 

Civil  Service. 

District  (District  of  Columbia). 

Electoral. 

Gettysburg  National  Military  Park. 

Immigration.  Joint  Congressional. 

International  Lake  Levels. 

International,  of  Archaeology  and  Ethnology. 

International  Joint. 

International  Prison. 

International  Waterways. 

Interstate  Commerce. 

Isthmian  Canal, 

Merchant  Marine. 

Mississippi  River. 

National  Monetary. 

National  Waterways. 

on  Country  Life. 

Reciprocity. 

Shiloh  National  Military  Park. 

Spanish  Treaty  Claims. 

to  Revise  the  Laws  of  the  United  States. 

to  the  Philippine  Islands. 

United  States  and  Mexican  Water  Boundary. 

Vicksburg  National  Military  Park, 
commissioner  (standing  alone). 
Commissioner  General  of  Immigration. 
Commissioner  of  Patents,  to  the   Five  Civilized 

Tribes,  etc. 
Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Commonwealth  (synonym  of  State). 
Comptroller: 

comptroller  (standing  alone). 

of  the  Currency. 

of  the  Treasury. 
Confederacy  (of  the  South). 
Confederate  Army,  soldier.  States. 
Congress,  First,  Second,  etc.;  the  Congress  (refer- 
ring to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States). 
Congress,  Pan  American,  etc.;  the  congress, 
congressional. 
Congressional  Directory. 
Congressional  Library. 
Congressman. 

Constitution  (United  States). 
Continent,  the  (meaning  Europe);  otherwise  lower- 
case, except  when  with  name. 
Continental  Army,  Congress,  Divide. 
Continentals  (Revolutionary  times). 
Convention: 

Constitutional  (United  States,  1787). 

Third  Annual,  of  American  Florists;  the  con- 
vention, 
convention,  Republican  national;  not  national  Re- 
publican convention. 


Corps:  corps  (standing  alone);  Artillery;  General 
Staff;   Hospital;    Marine;   Medical   (or    Depart- 
ment); Nurse;  of  Cadets;  of  Engineers;  of  Judge 
Advocates;  Pay;  Quartermaster;  Signal. 
Council,  Choctaw,  etc.;  the  council, 
court,  the  (see  also  Court  style,  p.  51): 

Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 

Southern  District  of  New  York. 
Commerce  Court  (United  States), 
court  of  appeals. 
Court  of  Claims. 

Court  of  Commissioners  of  Alabama  Claims. 
Court  of  Customs  Appeals. 
Court  of  Impeachment  (the  Senate). 
Court  of  Private  Land  Claims. 
Supreme  Court  (United  States). 
Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  etc.; 
the  supreme  court. 
Court  of  St.  James,  etc. 

Crown  (referring  to  a  ruler).  Crown  lands,  etc. 
Dalles,  The. 
Dam,  Bohio,  etc.;  Dam  1,  No.  1;  Dams  1  and  2, 

Nos.  1  and  2. 
Declaration  of  Independence. 
Delegate  (in  Congress). 

Deputy  (when  preceding  any  capitalized  title). 
Director  of  the  Geological  Survey,  Census,  etc.;  the 

director, 
district: 

first  assembly, 
first  congressional, 
third  lighthouse. 
District  of  Alaska. 

District  of  Columbia:  Anacostia  Flats;  Avenue,  the 
(referring  to  Pennsylvania  Avenue  only);  Botanic 
Garden;  District  Jail,  the  jail;  Library  (of  Con- 
gress); Mall;  Monument  (Washington);  Monu- 
ment Grounds;  Monument  Lot;  Museum 
(National);  Metropolitan  police;  Plaza  (Union 
Station);  Potomac  Flats;  Public  Library;  White 
Lot. 
Division  (United  States  Government,  with  name). 
Du  Pont  Powder  Works. 

east  Africa. 

East  Coast  (Africa). 

east  Tennessee. 

East  Tennessee  Bridge  Burners. 

East,  the  (section  of  the  United  States). 

Eastern  Continent,  the  continent. 

Eastern  Hemisphere. 

Eastern  Shore  (of  Maryland). 

Electoral  College,  the  electors. 

Embassy,  British,  etc.:  the  embassy. 

Engine  No.  6,  engine  6;  Engine  Company  No.  6,  No. 

6  Engine  Company. 
Engineer  Department. 
Engineer  in  Chief  (Navy). 
Engineer  officers,  etc.  (of  Engineer  Corps). 
Equator,  the. 
Evangelical  Alliance. 
Executive  (meaning  President  of  the  United  States, 

and  also  adjective  form). 
Executive  Council  (Porto  Rico), 
executive  departments. 
Executive  Document  No.  95. 
Executive  Mansion,  Office. 
Executive  order  (by  the  President). 
Executive  Order  No.  34. 
Exhibit  A,  B,  etc.;  1,  2,  etc. 
Far  East  (the  Orient);  but  far  eastern,  far  West. 
Father  of  his  Country  (Washington). 
Federal  (synonym  for  Government), 
flag,  the: 

Old  Flag. 

Old  Glory. 

Stars  and  Strii)es. 

Star-Spangled  Banner. 
Fleet,  Pacific,  etc.  (naval). 
Form  A^  B,  etc.;  1,  2,  etc. 
Forty-niner  J  an  old. 
Freedman's  Savings  Bank. 
Freedmen's  Hospital, 
friar  lands. 

Frisco  (no  apostrophe), 
fuller's  earth. 

General  Assembly  (Presbyterian  Church). 
General  Supply  Committee  (of  the  United  States 
Government). 


30 


EULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


gent 
Geoi 


Jeorge  V,  but  George  the  Fifth  may  be  used. 

Gold  Coast  (Africa). 

gospel  (but  Gospel,  referring  to  first  four  books  of 
the  New  Testament). 

Government,  British,  etc.;  Federal,  General,  Im- 
perial, National,  Royal. 

government,  seat  of. 

Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

governor. 

Governor  General  (of  Canada,  Philippine  Islands, 
etc.). 

Governor  of  Porto  Rico. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

Grand  Army  post,  but  Post  No.  63,  etc. 

Great  Basin,  Great  Divide,  Great  Plains. 

haikwan  tael. 

headquarters,  Washington's,  etc. 

Heaven  (Deity),  heaven  (place). 

Hemisphere,  Eastern,  Western;  the  hemisphere. 

Her  Majesty,  His  Majesty  (ruler  of  a  country). 

High  Church,  -Churchism,  -Churchist,  -Chiarchman, 

-Churchmanship. 
High  School,  Central,  etc. 
Highway  Bridge  (Washington,  D.  C). 
Hill  No.  1. 
Hills  Nos.  land  2. 

His  Excellency  (meaning  the  ruler  of  a  country). 
His  Excellency  the  Duke  of  Athol,  etc. 
his  excellency  the  governor. 
Historical  periods: 

Reformation,  the. 

Renaissance,  the. 

Restoration,  the  (English). 

Revolution,    the    (American,    1775;    French, 
1789;  English,  1688). 

Revolution  of  July  (French). 
Holidays,    etc.:    Decoration    or    Memorial    Day, 
Fourth  of  July,  Independence  Day,  Labor  Day, 
Washington's   Birthday,   Good   Friday,   Easter 
Sunday,  Inauguration  Day,  Thanksgiving  Day, 
Black  Friday;  but  blue  Monday. 
Holy  Writ  (Bible), 
hospital.  Fifth  Regiment,  etc. 
Hospital,  Providence,  etc.;  the  hospital. 
House,  Ebbitt,  etc.  (meaning  a  hotel). 
House  Office  Building. 

House  of  Representatives  (oflicial  titles  standing 
alone): 

Chairman  (Committee  of  the  Whole). 

Chaplain. 

Chief  Clerk. 

Clerk  (of  the  House). 

Doorkeeper. 

Postmaster. 

Reporter  (the  Official  Reporter). 

Sergeant  at  Arms. 

Speaker. 

Speaker  pro  tempore. 
Hydrographer,  the  (Navy  Department). 
Hygienic  Laboratory. 

Imperial  edict. 

independence,  in  the  year  of  our  independence. 

Independent  Catholic  Church  (Philippines). 

Indians: 

Absentee  Shawnee. 

Eastern  (or  Lower)  Band  of  Cherokee. 

Five  Civilized  Tribes. 

Joseph's  Band,  etc. 

Shawnee,  etc..  Tribe, 
insular  government, 
island  of  Cuba. 
Isthmian  Canal. 
Isthmus  (Panama). 

Jersey  cattle. 

Jim  Crow. 

Journal  clerk. 

Journal  of  the  House  or  Senate. 

Judge  Advocate  General  (Army  or  Navy). 

Kjag-J6rgensen. 

Ku-Klux  Klan  (organization). 

Kwong  Sui,  sixth  year,  ninth  moon. 

Latter-day  Saints. 

Legation,  Chinese,  etc.;  the  legation. 
Legislature,  National   (United   States  Congress); 
Ohio  Legislature,  etc.;  the  legislature. 


Letters  Patent  No.  5. 

Levant,  the. 

Librarian  of  Congress. 

Library  of  Congress. 

Lighthouse  Board  (now  Bureau  of  Lighthouses), 

Establishment,  Service. 
Light,  Highland,  etc.;  the  light,  lighthouse,  light 

vessel. 
Line,  Cvmard,  etc.  (steamship). 
Lock  1,  No.  1;  Locks  1  and  2,  Nos.  1  and  2. 
Louisiana  Purchase. 
Low  Church,  -Churchism,  -Churchist,  -Churchman, 

-Churchmanship . 
lower  House  of  Congress. 

Magna  Charta. 

Marine  Corps. 

Mikado. 

Military  Academy  (United  States),  the  academy. 

Militia: 

militia  (standing  alone). 

First  Regiment  Ohio. 

Indiana. 

Naval. 

New  York  Naval  Reserve. 

of  Ohio. 

Organized. 
Mint,  Philadelphia,  etc.;  the  mint. 
Monroe  doctrine. 

National  (when  preceding  capitalized  name) .    (See 

also  National,  p.  26.) 
National  Academy  of  Sciences. 
National  Bank  Redemption  Agency. 
National  Board  of  Health. 
National  Guard,  Ohio,  etc.;  the  National  Guard; 

the  guard. 
National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers. 
National  Legislature  (United  States  Congress). 
National  Medical  Museum. 
National  Park,  Yellowstone,  etc. 
National  Treasury. 

National  Woman  Suffrage  Association. 
Naval  Academy  (United  States);  the  academy. 
Naval  Asylum. 
Naval  Establishment. 
Naval  Gun  Factory. 
Naval  Militia. 
Naval  Observatory. 
Naval  Reserves,  the  reserves, 
naval  station,  Key  West,  Fla.;  Newport  (R.  I.) 

Naval  Training  Station,  etc. 
Naval  War  College,  War  College;  the  college. 
Navy  (adjective,  noim,  and  standing  alone).    (See 

also  Navy,  p.  26.) 
Navy  Yard  (when  preceded  by  name,  as  Brooklyn 

Navy  Yard,  etc.). 
Near  East. 

Negro  (meaning  the  race). 
New  World. 

Night  Riders  (organization). 
North  Atlantic  Squadron. 
North  Pole. 

North,  the  (section  of  the  United  States), 
northerners. 

Observatory: 

observatory  (standing  alone). 
Astrophysical,  Naval. 
United  States. 

Occident,  the. 

occidental. 

Office:  office  (standing  alone);  Building  (House  or 
Senate);  Executive;  General  Land;  Government 
Printing;  Hydrographic;  Nautical  Almanac;  of 
Experiment  Stations;  of  Indian  Afl'airs;  of  Naval 
Intelligence;  of  Naval  War  Records;  of  Public 
Roads;  of  the  Supervising  Architect;  Patent; 
Pension;  Record  and  Pension. 

Official  Reporter  (Senate  or  House). 

Old  World. 

Order  of  Business  No.  56. 

Ordnance  Department. 

Organized  Militia. 

Orient,  the. 

oriental  customs. 

orientals. 

Pacific  coast,  slope,  and  seaboard. 
Pacific  Coast  States. 


BULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


31 


Pan    American    Union,    formerly    International 

Bureau  of  the  American  Republics. 
Parish,  Caddo,  etc.;  the  parish. 
Parliament  (House  of). 

Pass,  Passes,  Head  of  Passes  (Mississippi  River). 
Pay  Depaitment. 

Paymaster  General  (Army  or  Navy). 
Penitentiary,  Albany,  etc.;  the  penitentiary. 
Pharisee. 
Philippine  Assembly,  Commission,  Constabulary, 

Legislatme;  the  commission,  the  constabulary. 
Pilpim  Fathers,  the  Pilgrims,  a  Pilgrim  (those 

of  1620). 

?laster  of  Paris, 
'laza.  Union  Station;  the  Plaza. 

Pole,  North,  South;  the  pole. 

Political  parties,  etc.:  People's  Party,  Republican 
Party,  etc.;  a  Democrat,  a  Prohibitionist,  a 
Republican,  a  Boxer,  etc.;  Boxer  movement. 

Porto  Rico  Provisional  Regiment,  but  Porto  Rico 
regiment. 

Post  Office  Department. 

Postal  Savings  System. 

Postal  Service. 

Postal  Union. 

Postmaster  General. 

Presidency  (office  of  ruler  of  a  country). 

presidential. 

Printing  Office  (Government  Printing  Office). 

Progressive  Republican. 

Proving  Grovmd,  etc.:  Sandy  Hook. 

Public  Land  Strip. 

Public,  No.  37  (in  text). 

Public  Printer,  the  printer. 

Puritan. 

Range,  Coast,  etc.  (mountains). 

Reform  School  of  Distiict  of  Columbia,  the  re- 

foimatory. 
Refoimatory,  Elmira,  etc.;  the  reformatory. 
Regent  (Smithsonian  Institution). 
Register  of  the  Treasury,  the  register, 
reporters  of  the  Senate  or  House  (meaning  other 

than  the  Official  Reporters). 
Representative  (in  Congress). 
Republic  (same  as  Government). 
Reseivation,  Great  Sioux,  etc. 
Resident  Commissioner   (Philippine  Islands  and 

Porto  Rico). 
Revised  Statutes. 
Revolutionary  (referring  to  the  American,  French, 

and  English  Revolutions), 
route  No.  12466,  mail  route  No.  1742,  railway  mail 

route  No.  1144. 
royal  command. 
Rule  XXI,  rule  21. 
Ruler  of  the  universe. 
Rules  and  Articles  of  War. 

Sabbath,  Sabbath  Day.  ' 

School,  Hayes,  Girls'  Reform,  etc.,  also  any  service 
school  of  the  United  States  Army  or  Navy;  the 
school, 
scribe. 

Scriptures,  New  and  Old  Testaments  (the  Bible). 
Secretary  of  State,  etc.  (United  States);  the  Sec- 
retary. 
Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  to  the 

President;  the  secietaiy. 
Senate  (official  titles  standing  alone): 
Chaplain. 
Chief  Clerk. 
Postmaster. 
President  of  the. 
President  pro  temi)ore. 
Presiding  Officer. 
Reporter  (the  Official  Reporter). 
Secretary. 
Sergeant  at  Arms. 
Vice  President. 
Senator  (in  Congress);  senatorial. 
Sergeant  at  Arms  (Senate  or  House). 
Sermon  on  the  Mount  (Biblical). 
Service:  service  (standing  alone);  City  Delivery; 
Consular;  Diplomatic  and  Consular;  Field  (Gen- 
eral Land  Office);  Foreign  Mail;  Forest;  Immi- 
gration; Indian;  Internal-Revenue;  Life-Saving; 
Lighthouse;  Parcel  Post;  Postal;  Public  Health; 
Railway    Mail;   Reclamation;    Revenue-Cutter; 
Revenue-Marine;  Rural  (or  Free)  Delivery;  Se- 
cret (Treasury);  Steamboat-Inspection. 


Seventh-day  Adventists. 
Six  Nations. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  the  Institution. 
Solicitor  for  the  Department  of  State,  of  Internal 
Revenue,  of  the  Treasury,  of  Commerce  and 
Labor. 
Solicitor  General  (Department  of  Justice). 
Son  of  man  (Christ). 

Sormd,  Albemarle,  Pamlico,  etc.;  the  soimd;  but 
when  referring  to  either  Long  Island  or  Puget 
Sound,  the  Sound. 
South,  the  (section  of  the  United  States), 
southerners. 
Southland,  the. 

Squadron,  North  Atlantic,  etc. 
Staked  Plains. 
States,  North  Atlantic,   Middle,   Gulf,  etc.;  but 

western  Gulf. 
Statistical  Abstract. 
Statutes  at  Large. 
Street,  One  htmdred  and  tenth,  etc.;  the  street,  but 

the  Street  (meaning  Wall  Street,  New  York). 
Subsistence  Department. 

Sui)erintendent  (when  with  title  of  a  Government 
bm-eau  or  service): 
superintendent  (standing  alone). 
General  Life-Saving  Service. 
of  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds, 
of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey, 
of  the  Nautical  Almanac, 
of  the  Naval  Observatory, 
of  the   United   States  Capitol  Building  and 
Grounds. 
Supervising  Architect,  the  architect  (Treasury). 
Supervising  Inspector   General,   the   (Steamboat- 
Inspection  Service). 
Supplement  to  Revised  Statutes. 
Supreme  Bench. 
Surgeon  General  (Army,  Navy,  and  Public  Health 

Service). 
Survey  (part  of  title  of  a  Government  bureau): 
survey  (standing  alone). 
Biological. 

Board  of  Inspection  and. 
Coast  and  Geodetic. 
Geological. 
Lake, 
surveyor  general. 

Table  A,  Table  1. 
Term  No.,  625. 

time,  eastern,  central,  mountain,  standard,  etc. 
trans-Atlantic. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States;  Treasurer. 
Treasurer,  Assistant,  of  the  United  States;  but  as- 
sistant treastu-er  at  New  York,  etc. 
Treasury,  the. 
Treasin-y  notes,  service. 
Treasury  Decisions,  Regulations  (books), 
treaty  of  Paris,  etc. 
Tropic  oif  Cancer,  of  Capricorn, 
tropical  plants. 
Tropics,  the. 
Trust,  Steel,  Whisky,  etc.;  the  trust. 

Union  (when  synonym  for  United  States;  also  when 

part  of  the  name  of  a  society,  etc.). 
Union  Station,  Union  Passenger  Station,  etc. 
United  Press. 

University,  Howard,  etc.;  the  imiversity. 
upper  House  of  Congress. 

War:  Seven  Years',  of  the  Revolution,  Revolution- 
ary, Civil,  between  the  States,  of  the  Roses,  etc. 

War  College  Building. 

ward  1,  2,  etc.;  first,  second,  etc. 

Washington's  Farewell  Address. 

West  Coast  (Africa). 

West,  the  (section  of  the  United  States). 

Western  Hemisphere. 

White  Caps  (organization). 

White  House:  Blue  Room,  East  Room,  Red  Room, 
State  Dining  Room,  the  Blue  and  East  Rooms. 

Woman  (National)  Suffrage  Association. 

Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union. 

X  rays. 

Yotmg  Women's  Christian  Association. 

Zone:  Canal, Free, Frigid,  Temperate, etc.;  thezone. 
Zoological  Park,  the  Zoo, 


32 


RULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


(See  also  Court  style,  p.  51;  Figures,  p.  34;  Tabular  work,  p.  36.) 


BILLS,  RESOLUTIONS,  DOCUMENTS,  AND  REPORTS.  The  following  abbre- 
viations should  be  used  when  in  parentheses.  Notice  different  forms  for  Senate 
and  House  bills. 


H.  R.  416  for  House  bill  (H.  R.  416  or  House 
bill  416,  as  written). 

S.  116  for  Senate  bill  (S.  116  or  Senate  bUl 
116,  as  written). 

H.  Res.  5  for  House  resolution  (simple). 

H.  Con.  Res.  10  for  House  concurrent  reso- 
lution. 

H.  J.  Res.  21  for  House  joint  resolution, 

S.  Res.  50  for  Senate  resolution. 


S.  Con.  Res.  17  for  Senate  concurrent  resolution. 
S.  J.  Res.  45  for  Senate  joint  resolution. 
H.  Doc.  No.  35  for  House  Document  No.  35. 
S.  Doc.  No.  62  for  Senate  Document  No.  62. 
H.  Rept.  No.  214  for  House  Report  No.  214. 
S.  Rept.  No.  410  for  Senate  Report  No.  410. 
Ex.  Doc.  No.  20  for  Executive  Document  No.  20. 
Misc.  Doc.  No.  16  for  Miscellaneous  Document 
No.  16. 


CHRISTIAN  NAMES.  Spell  out  well-known  Christian  names,  except  in  signatures. 
When  Christian  names  are  abbreviated,  use  the  forms  Danl.,  Edwd.,  Saml., 
Thos.,  etc.,  without  an  apostrophe.  This  rule  of  abbreviation  to  apply  in  all 
cases  except  "fol.  lit."  Alex,  Ben,  Ed,  Fred,  and  Sam  are  not  always  abbrevia- 
tions, and  copy  should  be  followed  as  regards  periods. 

CLOCK  TIME.     When  immediately  connected  with  figures,  use  a.  m.,  m.,  and  p.  m. 

COMPASS  DIRECTIONS.  When  abbreviated,  use  the  regular  forms,  E.,  W.,  etc. 
In  compound  terms,  close  up,  as  SE.,  NNW.,  etc. 

CONGRESS,  ETC.  In  parentheses:  Cong,  for  Congress,  as  61st  Cong.;  sess.  for  ses- 
sion, as  Ist  sess.     (Note  punctuation,  as  61st  Cong.,  3d  sess.;  3d  sess.  6l8t  Cong.) 

DEGREES.  Express  in  figures  and  use  degree  mark,  as  75°,  75°  F.,  etc.  This  is  to 
apply  to  latitude,  longitude,  temperature,  angles,  dips,  strikes,  and  polariscopic 
tests. 

FIRM  NAMES,  ETC. 

Use  &,  Bro.,  Bros.,  Co.,  (Ltd.),  (Inc.),  and  (Corp.)  in  all  cases  in  firm  or  corporate 
names. 


Atlantic  &  Pacific  Telegraph  Co. 

Brown  &  Jones  Mining  &  Milling  Co. 

Good  &  Sweet  &  Co. 

Johnston  &  Oleson  Co. 

Jones  Bros.  &  Co. 

Maryland  Steamship  Co.  (Ltd.). 

Merchants  &  Miners'  Transportation  Co. 


Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co. 

Rudolph  &  West  Co. 

Smith  &  Bro. 

Washington  &  Norfolk  Steamboat  Co. 

Washington  Flo\ir  &  Feed  Co. 

Washington  Gas  Light  Co. 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


Use  "and"  in  literary,  artistic,  scientific,  and  similar  companionships: 

Cuvier  and  Valencieimes.  Hay  and  Nicolay.  Smith  and  De  Koven. 

LATITUDE,  ETC.     In  parentheses,  use  lat.  for  latitude  and  long,  for  longitude  when 
with  figures. 

MISCELLANEOUS  TERMS. 

When  abbreviated,  use  the  forms  here  given: 


A.  M.  (aimo  mundi)  for  in  the  year  of  the 
world. 

b.  o.  for  buyer's  option. 

B.  t.  u.  for  British  thermal  units. 

0.  c.  for  cubic  centimeter;  but  use  cc  and  cm 
(no  period)  in  Bureau  of  Chemistry  work. 

c.  1.  f.  for  cost,  insurance,  and  freight. 

C.  Cls.  for  Court  of  Claims. 

C.  Cls.  R.  for  Court  of  Claims  Reports, 
cf.  for  compare. 

c.  p.  a.  for  certified  public  accountant. 

C.  S.  A.  lor  Confederate  States  of  America. 
C.  S.  Army  for  Confederate  States  Army. 

d.  b.  n.  c.  t.  a.  for  de  bonis  non  cum  testa- 
mento  annexe. 

e.  g.  for  exempli  gratia. 

etc.  for  et  cetera,  and  so  forth,  and  &c. 
feet  b.  m.  lor  feet  board  measure,  when  with 
figures. 

f .  a.  s.  lor  free  alongside, 
f.  0.  b.  for  free  on  board. 

fo  for  folio,  4o  for  quarto,  8o  for  octavo. 


ib.,  ibid.,  for  ibidem  (in  the  same  place). 

id.  for  idem  (the  same). 

kw.  (kilowatt). 

loc.  cit.  for  loco  citato  (in  the  place  cited), 

MS.,  MSS.,  for  manuscript  and  manuscripts. 

n.  e.  8.  for  not  elsewhere  specified. 

nol-pros  (v.)  for  nolle  prosequi. 

noUe-pros  (n.). 

non-pros  for  non  prosequitur. 

O.  K.,  O.  K'd,  O.  K.ing. 

op.  cit.  for  opere  citato  (works  cited). 

per  cent  (omitting  period)  for  per  centum. 

q.  V.  (quod  vide)  for  which  see. 

sec. -ft.  for  second-feet. 

ser.  for  series. 

sp.gr.  for  specific  gravity. 

ss  for  scilicet,  as  Essex  Cotmty,  ss  (no  period). 

St.,  SS.  for  Saint  and  Saints. 

U.  S.  A.  for  United  States  of  America. 

U.  S.  Army  for  United  States  Army, 

V.  for  versus  ("against"  if  copy). 

viz  (omitting  period)  for  videlicet. 


Fort  and  Mount  should  not  be  abbreviated. 


KULES  AND  STYLE    OF   COMPOSITION. 


33 


MONEY.  English  money,  £2  48.  6d.;  $2  gold;  $2.50  United  States  currency ;  $3.50 
Mexican;  T'  for  peso.  Copy  editors  should  indicate  when  abbreviations  of  other 
foreign  money  are  to  be  used.     (See  also  Values  of  foreign  coins,  p.  114.) 

MONTHS. 

Spell  in  text  and  indexes  (except  in  Congressional  Record  Index  and  when  used 
as  a  citation  in  parentheses  or  brackets  and  followed  by  day  of  month),  but  in 
all  other  cases,  tabular  and  leader  work,  footnotes,  cut-in  notes,  and  side  notes, 
when  followed  by  day  of  month,  use: 


Jan.  for  January. 
Feb.  for  February, 
Mar.  for  March. 


Apr.  for  April. 
Aug.  for  August. 
Sept.  for  September. 


Oct.  for  October. 
Nov.  for  November. 
Dec.  for  December. 


May,  June,  and  July  should  not  be  abbreviated. 


NUMBEB.     When  preceding  figures,  use  the  forms  "No."  or  ''Nos." 

PUBLIC   LANDS. 

Copy  editors  should  indicate  when  the  following  terms  are  to  be  abbreviated  (note 
caps,  punctuation,  and  use  of  plural  in  the  following  examples):  (1)  N.  ^  NE.  J 
sec.  1,  T.  2  N.,  R.  3  W.;  fractional  sees.  2  and  3,  Tps.  4  and  5  N.,  Rs.  6  and  7  W.; 
and  lot  6,  NE.  {  sec.  4,  T.  6  N.,  R.  1  W.,  of  the  Indian  meridian.  (2)  N.  ^  sec.  20, 
T.  7  N.,  R.  2  W.  of  the  sixth  principal  meridian. 

When  fractions  are  spelled  in  land  descriptions,  use  half  and  quarter,  not  one-half 
and  one-quarter. 

BAILBOADS.  When  the  words  "railroad"  and  "railway"  are  abbreviated,  use 
R.  R.  for  railroad  and  Ry.  for  railway.  (For  titles  of  roads  and  forms  of  abbre- 
viation see  pp.  121-122.) 

BEFERENCES  AND  CITATIONS.  In  parentheses,  footnotes,  cut-in  notes,  side 
notes,  and  tables  use  capital  letter  with  Roman  numerals,  except  in  the  case  of 
p.  or  pp.,  observing  the  following  forms: 


art.  or  arts,  for  article  or  articles. 

ch.  or  chs.  for  chapter  or  chapters. 

fig.  or  figs,  for  figure  or  figures. 

p.  or  pp.  for  page  or  pages. 

par.  or  pars,  for  paragraph  or  paragraphs. 


pi.  or  pis.  for  plate  or  plates, 
pt.  or  pts.  for  part  or  parts, 
q.  or  qq.  for  question  or  questions, 
sec.  or  sees,  for  section  or  sections, 
vol.  or  vols,  for  volume  or  volumes. 


SOVEREIGNS .  Names  of  sovereigns  are  expressed  in  this  manner:  George  V, 
Charles  I,  etc.,  no  period  being  used  after  Roman  numeral.  When  prepared  to 
spell  out,  use  this  form:  George  the  Fifth,  Charles  the  First,  etc. 

STATES   AND   TEBBITOBIES. 

Abbreviate  after  city,  town,  village,  Indian  agency,  armory,  arsenal,  barrack, 
county,  fort,  navy  yard,  reservation  (forest,  Indian,  or  militarv),  reserve  or 
station  (military  or  naval),  cape,  island,  mountain,  river,  or  any  other  geographic 
term  when  the  name  is  given: 


Ala.  for  Alabama. 

Ariz,  for  Arizona. 

Ark.  for  Arkansas. 

Gal.  for  California. 

Colo,  for  Colorado. 

Conn,  for  Connecticut. 

Del.  for  Delaware. 

D.  C.  for  District  of  Columbia. 

Fla.  for  Florida. 

Ga.  for  Georgia. 

111.  for  Illinois. 

Ind.  for  Indiana. 

Ind.  T.  for  Indian  Territory 

(now  Oklahoma). 
Kans.  for  Kansas. 
Ky.  for  Kentucky. 
La.  for  Louisiana. 


Me.  for  Maine. 
Md.  for  Maryland. 
Mass.  for  Massachusetts. 
Mich,  for  Michigan. 
Minn,  for  Minnesota. 
Miss,  for  Mississippi. 
Mo.  for  Missouri. 
Mont,  for  Montana. 
Nebr.  for  Nebraska. 
Nev.  for  Nevada. 
N.  H.  for  New  Hampshire. 
N.  J.  for  New  Jersey. 
N.  Mex.  for  New  Mexico. 
N.  Y.  for  New  York. 
N.  C.  for  North  Carolina. 
N.  Dak.  for  North  Dakota. 
Okla.  for  Oklahoma. 


Oreg.  for  Oregon. 
Pa.  for  Pennsylvania. 
P.  I.  for  Philippine  Islands. 
P.  R.  for  Porto  Rico. 
R.  I.  for  Rhode  Island. 
S.  C.  for  South  Carolina. 
S.  Dak.  for  South  Dakota. 
Tenn.  for  Tennessee. 
Tex.  for  Texas. 
Vt.  for  Vermont. 
Va.  for  Virginia. 
Wash,  for  Washington. 
W.  Va.  for  West  Virginia. 
Wis.  for  Wisconsin. 
Wyo.  for  Wyoming. 


Alaska,  Guam,  Hawaii,   Idaho,   Iowa,   Ohio,   Samoa,  and  Utah  should  not  be 
abbreviated. 

STATUTES.  References  in  parentheses,  footnotes,  cut-in  notes,  side  notes,  and 
tables:  Rev.  Stat,  for  Revised  Statutes;  Supp.  Rev.  Stat,  for  Supplement  to  the 
Revised  Statutes;  Stat.  L.  for  Statutes  at  Large  (but  R.  S.,  Stat.,  Stats.,  or 
Stat.  L.  if  so  written).  Use  the  foregoing  abbreviations  for  States  in  State 
statutes.     British  statutes:  34  and  35  Vict.,  74;  1  Geo.  V.  25. 

97724°— 13 3 


34  BULES  AND   STYLE    OF   COMPOSITION. 

STREETS.  ^Vhen  referring  to  Washington,  D.  C,  or  cities  of  like  plan,  use  the 
forms:  First  Street  NW.,  Four-and-a-half  Street  SW.,  Florida  Avenue  NE., 
Seventh  Street  SW.,  etc.  Spell  out  First  Street  east,  Third  Street  west,  R  Street 
north,  M  Street  south,  etc.     (See  also  Tabular  work,  p.  36.) 

TEMPERATURES,  ETC. 

F.  for  Fahrenheit;  C.  for  centigrade;  Cel.  for  Celsius;  R,  for  Reaumur;  B.  for  Baum6; 

Twad.  for  Twaddell. 
Use  degree  marks,  as  10°  F.,  2°  R.,  etc. 

TITLES. 

Military,  naval,  and  civil  titles  given  in  the  following  list,  when  preceding  the 
name,  whether  Christian  name  be  given  or  not,  should  be  abbreviated  as 
follows: 

Adit.  Hosp.  Sergt.  Messrs.  or  MM.  for  mes-  Right  Rev.  for  right  rev- 

Adjt.  Gen.  Hosp.  Steward.  sieurs.                                  erend. 

Asst.  Surg.  Insp.  Gen.  Ord.  Sergt.  for  ordnance  Second  Lieut. 

Brig.  Gen.  Judge  Advocate  Gen.  sergeant.                          Second  Sergt. 

Bvt.  for  brevet.  Lieut.  Orderly  Sergt.                   Sergt. 

Capt.  Lieut.  Col.  Passed  Asst.  Surg.             Sergt.  Maj. 

Col.  Lieut.  Commander.  Paymaster  Gen.                 Supt.    for    superintend- 

Com.  Sergt.  for  com-  Lieut.  Gen.  Prof,  for  professor.  ent. 

missary  sergeant.  Lieut.  Gov.  for  lieutenant  Pvt.  for  private.  Surg. 

Corpl.                                 governor.  Q.  M.  Gen.  Surg.  Gen. 

Dr.  for  doctor.  Lieut.  (Junior  Grade).  Q,.  M.  Sergt.                        Surg.  Maj. 

First  Lieut.  M.  for  monsieur.  Rev.  for  reverend.              Third  Lieut.  Engineers. 

Gen.  for  general.  Maj.  Right  Hon.  for  right  hon-  Very  Rev.  for  very  rev- 

Gov.  for  governor.  Maj.  Gen.  orahle.                               erend. 


-  Hon.  for  honorable. 

Following  surname: 

Esq.  for  esquire. 

jr.  for  junior. 

sr.  for  senior. 

Degrees  conferred  by  colleges,  etc.:  LL.  D. 

for  doctor  of  laws;    M.  A.  for  master  of 

arts,  etc. 


Fellowships:  F.  R.  S.  for  Fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society,  etc. 

Orders  of  chivalry:  K.  C.  B.  for  Knight  Com- 
mander of  the  Bath. 

Use  2d,  3d,  etc.,  for  second,  third,  etc. 


UNITED  STATES.  Abbreviate  when  preceding  the  name  of  a  Government  vessel, 
as  U.  S.  S.  Brooklyn  (any  other  designation  than  "ship"  or  "steamer"  should 
be  spelled,  as  U.  S.  monitor  Nantucket);  also  in  footnotes,  cut-in  notes,  side  notes, 
tables,  and  citations  in  parentheses  when  preceding  Army  or  Navy  or  any  organ- 
ization thereof,  or  the  name  of  a  department,  bureau,  commission,  service,  etc., 
of  the  Government. 

FIGURES. 

Specific  rules  that  will  govern  in  all  cases  as  to  what  should  be  expressed  in  figures 
and  what  should  be  spelled  can  not  be  given.  General  rules,  which  will  serve  as  a 
guide,  follow: 

Spell  all  amounts  under  10,  except  enumerations  of  weight,  measure,  distance, 
clock  time,  money,  percentage,  degrees,  votes,  proportion,  stocks  and  bonds,  and 
age;  but  use  figures  in  groups  of  enumerations  when  any  one  enumeration  is  10  or 
more.  Treat  alike  all  numbers  in  connected  groups.  Duration  of  time  should  be  in 
figures,  subject  to  the  provision  governing  amounts  above  or  below  10  or  occurring 
in  groups.    (See  also  Leader  work,  p.  40,  and  Reading  columns,  p.  39.) 

In  congressional  bills,  resolutions,  and  amendments  to  the  same,  sums  of  money 
should  be  expressed  in  figures. 

To  avoid  confusion  when  two  numbers  occur  together,  as  ''10  12-room  houses," 
"12  6-inch  guns,"  etc.,  observe  the  following  forms  in  treatment  of  qualifying  num- 
bers: "Ten  12-room  houses,"  "twelve  6-inch  guns,"  etc. 

Spell  figures  beginning  a  sentence  or  immediately  following  a  colon,  except  in 
tables,  or  when  ordinal  numbers  occur  at  the  beginning  of  paragraphs  or  sentences 
in  certain  cases. 

Ordinal  numbers:  1.  The  earth  is  round.  (2)  "The  sun  do  move."  But  when 
copy  reads  "1st,"  etc.,  spell:  First.  The  moon  is  not  green  cheese. 

Spell  both  numbers  of  two  related  amounts  at  the  beginning  of  a  sentence  in  such 
expressions  as  "Twenty  to  twenty-five  horses,"  "Fifty  or  sixty  persons  were  present," 
etc. 

Numbers  greater  than  1,000,  when  spelled,  should  be  expressed  thus:  One  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  not  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty  dollars;  one 
thousand  two  hundred  tons,  not  twelve  hundred  tons. 

Serial  numbers,  including  years,  in  which  the  comma  is  omitted,  when  8p3lled, 
should  be  expressed  as  twelve  hundred  and  six.  etc. 


KULES  AND   STYLE    OF   COMPOSITION.  35 

Spell  numbers  mentioned  by  way  of  illustration  or  in  connection  with  serious 
and  dignified  subjects,  as  follows: 

In  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  cases  out  of  every  thousand. 

The  Twelve  Apostles. 

The  Seven  Sages  of  Greece. 

The  thirteen  original  States. 

But,  proportion  of  1  to  4;  1 :  62,500  (note  equal  space  each  side  of  colon). 

Years  and  sums  of  $1  or  over  should  be  expressed  in  figures  at  beginning  of  ques- 
tions or  answers  in  testimony.     Observe  the  following  forms: 

Q.  In  what  year  was  that?— A.  1906. 

Q.  1906?— A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  What  was  the  amount  involved?— A.  $101.50. 

Q.  How  much  was  the  sum?— A.  |5  (or  $15,  $67). 

Q.  How  many  Indians? — A.  Fifty  Indians. 

Q.  How  many  did  you  say? — A.  Fifty  or  sixty. 

AGE.  My  age  is  52  years  and  6  months;  a  boy  6  years  old;  a  boy  about  6  years  old; 
3-year-old  colt;  3-months-old  child;  wine  8  years  old;  wine  4  or  5  years  old. 

BONDS  AND  STOCKS.  Gold  is  109;  Metropolitan  Raih-oad,  109;  5-20  bonds;  10-40 
bonds;  7.30  bonds;  3.65  bonds;  4Jper  cent  bonds;  3  per  cent  bonds;  3^percent8. 
When  the  word  "bonds"  does  not  follow  the  designating  expression,  spell  out^ 
as  five-twenties,  ten-forties,  three-sixty -fives,  four-and-a-halfs,  threes,  etc. 

CLOCK  TIME.  Use  period  to  separate  hours  and  minutes,  as  4.30  p.  m.;  4  o'clock 
and  30  minutes  p.  m.;  half  past  4.  In  scientific  work,  4^  30"^;  4^.5  or  4.5^*,  as 
indicated. 

DATES. 

June  29,  A.  D.  1882;  December  6,  1846;  the  1st  of  January,  1883;  June  12;  the 
5th  instant;  the  20th  day  of  March;  the  1st  (day)  of  the  month;  the  last  of  April 
or  the  first  of  May;  4th  of  July  (calendar  day);  Fourth  of  July  (holiday). 
Spell  such  expressions  as  ''the  early  seventies,"  "it  occurred  in  the  eighties." 
When  a  fiscal  year  or  a  year  extending  into  the  following  year  is  intended,  use 
an  en  dash  and  contract,  except  1900-1901,  as  1875-76,  1801-2  (this  applies  to 
dates  only;  in  page  folios,  etc.,  repeat  the  number  in  full);  if  a  period  of  more 
than  two  years  is  intended,  do  not  contract,  as  1875-1879,  1895-1904;  if  two  or 
more  separate  years  are  intended,  use  comma,  as  1894,  1895;  1873,  1876;  1888^ 
1891,  1894. 

DECIMALS.  Use  figures  for  decimals  and  supply  cipher  when  there  is  no  unit,  as 
0.25;  20  ounces  of  silver,  0.900  fine;  it  costs  $0.3365  per  pound;  scrap,  at  0.75 
cent  per  pound;  referring  to  caliber  of  small  arms,  .30  caliber,  .45-caliber  Spring- 
field rifle,  distinguishing,  however,  when  used  to  describe  the  length  of  a  gun, 
as  a  6-inch  rapid-fire  rifle,  50  calibers. 

DEGREES,  ETC.  Longitude  77°  04^  06^^  E.,  latitude  49°  26^  14^^  N.;  a  polariscopic 
test  of  85°;  45.5°  below  zero;  an  angle  of  57°;  25^.5  or  25.5^,  as  written. 

DIMENSIONS.     Use  the  form  8  by  12  inches  in  text,  not  8  x  12  inches  nor  8  x  12^^ 

DISTANCES.  Express  in  figures,  as  50  miles,  17  yards,  8  leagues,  9  centimeters,  5 
feet  6  inches,  about  10  miles;  but  when  a  fraction  of  a  mile  is  given  spell,  as  one- 
half  mile. 

ENUMERATIONS. 

Use  figures  for  all  enumerations  of  weights  and  measures. 

In  such  examples  as  the  following  use  figures  unless  under  10,  but  all  the  enumer- 
ations should  be  in  figures  in  a  group  where  any  one  enumeration  is  10  or  more: 
There  were  20  males  and  25  females,  45  in  all;  six  horses;  10  horses;  6  horses,  5  cows, 
and  26  head  of  sheep;  25  bulletins,  containing  352  pages;  the  population  of 
Chicago  is  more  than  2,000,000;  a  hamlet  of  18  persons;  a  6-f0oter.  When  com- 
plicated spell,  as  twenty-five  6-inch  guns,  two  f-inch  boards,  five  5-cent  pieces, 
seven  8-hour  days,  etc. 

Spell  such  expressions  as  the  following:  Between  two  and  three  hundred  horses, 
forty-odd  people,  one  hundred  and  odd  men  (not  100  odd  men);  the  population 
is  forty  or  fifty  thousand. 

FRACTIONS.  Spell  common  fractions  when  alone.  When  J  is  marked  "spell, "  use 
"one-fourth."  If  written  "one-quarter,"  do  not  change,  except  to  secure  uni- 
formity.    (See  also  Compound  and  noncompound  words,  p.  92.) 

MEASURES.    Use  figures  in  all  cases,  as  40  bushels,  1  gallon,  6  acres,  etc. 


46 


RULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


ORTHOGRAPHY,  ETC. 


dato. 

misfire. 

disk. 

Pan  American. 

draft. 

peas  (plural  form). 

drought. 

plat  (ground). 

eolian. 

program. 

embed. 

reconnoissance. 

employee. 

reenforced  (again  put  into  effect 

fabrikoid. 

or  in  force). 

Filipino 

reinforced  (construction  work). 

flareback 

shellac. 

fluorspar. 

shellacked. 

foodstuff. 

sirup. 

fuse. 

sometime  (adv.). 

gypsy, 
horsepower. 

sloyd. 
thrash. 

Igorot. 

tonsillitis. 

inclose. 

toward. 

indorse. 

while  or  whilst. 

insanitary. 

in  the  treatment  of  nationalities: 

Ecuadorian. 

Paraguayan. 

Guatemalan. 

Part-Hawaiian. 

Haitian. 

Porto  Rican. 

Honduran. 

Tennesseean. 

Montenegrin. 

Venezuelan. 

Nicaraguan. 

Panaman. 

Webster's  New  International  Dictionary  (1910)  should  generally  be  followed  in 
spelling,  compounding,  and  dividing  words.  The  Standard  and  Century  Diction- 
aries are  also  used  as  works  of  reference.  In  spelling,  follow  Webster  unless  a 
different  form  is  here  given. 

In  the  following  list  will  be  found  preferred  forms  as  well  as  the  treatment  of  a 
number  of  terms  in  general  use: 

afterwards. 

aft  ward. 

agriculturist. 

aluminum. 

among  or  amongst, 

anemia. 

asbestos. 

awhile  (adv.). 

blond. 

bowlder. 

briquet. 

candlepower. 

can  not. 

canyon. 

carabao  (singular  or  plural). 

clew. 

clue  (hint  to  mystery). 

coconut. 

coolie. 

Observe  the  following 

Argentinian. 

Brazilian. 

Chilean. 

Colombian. 

Costa  Rican. 

Cuban, 

Dominican. 

ACCENTS. 

Omit  the  diaeresis  in  such  words  as  aerate,  cooperation,  preemption,  reexamine, 
zoology,  etc.,  and  the  accent  in  "ampere"  and  derivatives. 

Use  accents  in  foreign  proper  names  and  words  unless  otherwise  directed,  but  not 
in  geographic  names. 

The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  words  in  common  use  in  which  accented  letters 
occur: 

attach^. 

caf^. 

charge  d'affaires. 

confrere. 

coup  d'etat. 

coup  de  gr4ce. 

crfecne. 

cr^jje. 

debris. 

AUTHORITIES  ON  GEOGRAPHIC  NAMES. 

Omit  apostrophes  in  geographic  names,  except  Chinese  and  Japanese  and  St.  John's 
in  Newfoundland,  Quebec,  and  Cape  Colony. 

The  following  authorities,  in  the  order  given,  govern  the  spelling  of  geographic 
names. 

Correct  Orthography  of  Geographic  Names  (decisions  of  the  United  States  Geo- 
graphic Board). 

United  States  Postal  Guide. 

Lippincott's  Gazetteer  of  the  World. 

International  Postal  Guide  (Dictionnaire  des  Bureaux  de  Poste) 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.'s  Atlas. 
CHINESE  AND  JAPANESE  NAMES.     Follow  copy  in  the  use  of  hyphens  and 

apostrophes. 
INDIAN  NAMES.     Follow  copy  in  the  use  of  spaces  and  hyphens  in  Indian  proper 

names;  also  the  spelling  of  tribal  names. 
PLURALS  OF  TITLES.     The  plurals  of  military  titles  are  formed  by  adding  "s"  at 
end,  as  major  generals,  lieutenant  colonels,  surgeon  generals,  etc.,  but  sergeants 
major.     Civil  titles  usually  add  "s"  to  first  part,  as  Attorneys  General,  Post- 
masters General,  etc. 


en  arrifere. 

matinee. 

regime. 

en  echelon. 

m6l6e. 

r^sum^. 

en  rfegle. 

moir6. 

r61e. 

entr^. 

n^e. 

r61e  d'6quipage. 

entrepot. 

papier-mach6. 

selior. 

exjKJS^. 

porte-cochfere. 

soiree. 

facade. 

portifere. 

vis-k-vis. 

faience. 

proofs  verbal. 

vise,  visaed. 

habitue. 

prot6g6. 

maWriel. 

rAle. 

KtriES   AND   STYLE    OF   COMPOSITION. 


47 


POSSESSIVES  AND  APOSTBOPHES. 

Nouns  in  the  singular,  or  in  the  plural  when  ending  with  any  letter  other  than  "s," 

require  an  apostrophe  and  *'s,"  as  man's,  men's,  child's,  children's,  Dennis's, 

Felix's,  Burns's,  Essex's,  witness's,  countess's.  State's  attorney,  State's  evidence, 

etc. 
Exceptions  to  the  foregoing:    Sergeant  at  Arms'  room,  for  righteousness'  sake,  for 

conscience'  sake,  for  goodness'  sake,  for  Jesus'  sake.     In  titles  of  books  the  exact 

form  should  be  used,  as  Hinds'  Precedents. 
Plural  nouns  ending  in  "s"  require  only  the  apostrophe,  as  the  boys'  swimming 

hole,  the  horses'  trough,  fingers'  ends,  the  Charleses'  reigns,  the  Joneses'  ball, 

the  countesses'  reception,  the  witnesses'  testimony. 
Do  not  use  the  posessive  form  in  such  expressions  as  day  labor,  quartermaster 

stores.  State  prison,  the  doctrine  of  State  rights. 
Use  the  singular  form  for  such  expressions  as  printer's  ink,  125  miner's  inches. 

TERMINATION  OF  WORDS,  ETC. 

Proofreaders,  compositors,  and  writers  are  often  confused  as  to  the  correct  termina- 
tion of  words  ending  in  "ible"  or  "able."  The  following  list,  giving  the  words 
terminating  in  "ible,"  will  be  found  useful.  Other  words  of  this  class  terminate 
with ''able." 

docible.  incredible.  perfectible, 

edible.  indefeasible.  permiscible. 

educible.  Indefectible.  permissible, 

effectible.  indefensible.  persuasible. 

effervescible.  indelible.  I)ervertible. 

eligible.  indeprehensible.  plausible, 

eludible.  indestructible.  possible, 

evasible.  indigestible.  prehensible. 

evincible.  indiscernible.  prescriptible. 

exhaustible.  indivisible.  producible, 

exigible.  indocible.  productible. 

expandible.  inducible.  protrusible. 

expansible.  ineffervescible.  putrescible. 

expressible.  ineligible.  receptible. 

extendible.  ineludible.  redemptible. 

extensible.  inevasible.  redressible 

fallible.  inexhaustible.  (redressable). 

reducible. 

reflectible. 

reflexible. 

refrangible. 

remissible. 

renascible. 

rendible. 

reprehensible. 

resistible. 

responsible. 

reversible. 

revertible. 

risible. 

seducible. 

sensible. 

sponsible. 

suasible. 

subdivisible. 

submergible. 

submersible. 

subvertible. 

supersensible. 

suppressible. 

susceptible. 

suspensible. 

tangible. 

tensible. 

terrible. 

traducible. 

transfusible. 

transmissible. 

transmittible. 

transversible 
(transversable). 

trans  vertible. 

tripartible. 

unadmissible. 

unexhaustible. 

unexpressible. 

unflexible. 

unfusible. 

unresponsible. 

vendible. 

vincible. 

visible, 
perceptible.  vitrescible. 


abhorrible. 

accendible. 

accessible. 

addible. 

adducible. 

admissible. 

affectible. 

apprehensible. 

audible. 

bipartible. 

circumscriptible. 

coctible. 

coerciDle. 

cognoscible. 

cohesible. 

collapsible. 

collectible. 

combustible. 

comraittible. 

compactible. 

compatible. 

compossible. 

comprehensible . 

compressible. 

conducible. 

conductible. 

confluxible. 

connectible. 

contemptible. 

contractible 

(contractable). 
controvertible, 
conversible 

(conversable), 
convertible, 
con  vincible, 
corrigible, 
corrodible. 
corrosible. 
corruptible, 
credible. 
cuUibJe. 
decoctible. 
deducible. 
deductible, 
defeasible, 
defectible. 
defensible, 
depressible. 
descendible, 
destructible, 
diffusible, 
digestible, 
dirigible, 
discernible, 
discerpible. 
discerptible. 
dissectible. 
distensible, 
distractible. 
di  vertible. 
divestible. 
divisible. 


0. 


fencible. 

flexible. 

fluxible. 

forcible. 

frangible. 

fungible. 

fusible. 

gullible. 

horrible. 

ignitible. 

illegible. 

immersible. 

immiscible. 

impartible. 

impassible 

(impassab: 
impatible. 
impedible. 
imperceptible, 
impermissible, 
imperscriptible. 
impersuasible. 
implausible, 
impossible, 
impressible, 
imputrescible. 
inaccessible, 
inadmissible, 
inapprehensible, 
inaudible, 
incircumscriptible. 
incoercible. 
incognoscible. 
incombustible, 
incommiscible. 
incompatible, 
incomprehensible, 
incompressible, 
inconcussible. 
incontrovertible, 
inconvertible, 
incon  vincible, 
incorrigible, 
incorrodible, 
incorruptible. 


incredible. 

indefeasible. 

indefectible. 

indefensible. 

indelible. 

indeprehensible. 

indestructible. 

indigestible. 

indiscernible. 

indivisible. 

indocible. 

inducible. 

ineffervescible. 

inehgible. 

ineludible. 

inevasible. 

inexhaustible. 

inexpansible. 

inexpressible. 

infallible. 

infeasible. 

inflexible. 

infractible. 

infrangible. 

infusible. 

inscriptible. 

insensible. 

instructible. 

insubmergible. 

insuppressible. 

insusceptible. 

intactible. 

intangible. 

intelligible. 

interconvertible. 

intervisible. 

invencible. 

invendible. 

inventible. 

invertible. 

invincible. 

invisible. 

irascible. 

irreducible. 

irrefrangible. 

irremissible. 

irreprehensible. 

irrepressible. 

irresistible. 

irresponsible. 

irreversible. 

legible. 

mandible. 

marcescible. 

miscible. 

negligible. 

nexible. 

omissible. 

ostensible. 

partible. 


48  RULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 

Words  ending  with  the  sound  of  **ize"  are  variously  spelled  ''ise"  or  "ize."  Of 
this  class,  tne  correct  spelling  of  the  following  words  is  "ise."  Nearly  all  others 
take  "ize." 

advertise.  demise, 

advise.  despise. 


affranchise, 

apprise.  disfranchise, 

anse.  disguise, 

chastise.  divertise. 

circumcise.  emprise, 

comprise.  enfranchise, 

compromise.  enterprise. 


excise, 
exercise. 

reprise, 
revise. 

exorcise. 

franchise. 

improvise. 

incise. 

manuprise. 

merchandise. 

rise. 

supervise 
surmise, 
surprise. 

premise. 

Errors  are  often  found  in  the  plurals  of  nouns  ending  in  "o."  To  prevent  error, 
observe  the  following  general  rule:  If  there  is  a  consonant  before  the  final 
"o,"  the  plural  is  "es";  but  if  a  vowel  precedes  the  "o,"  the  plural  is  formed 
by  addiug  the  "s"  only.  There  are,  however,  some  exceptions  to  this  rule,  and 
they  are  here  given,  as  follows : 


albinos. 

embryos. 

merinos. 

sextos. 

armadillos. 

Eskimos. 

mestizos. 

siroccos. 

cantos. 

gauchos. 
halos. 

octavos. 

solos. 

cascos. 

octodecimos. 

tobaccos. 

centos. 

inamoratos. 

pianos. 

twos. 

didos. 

juntos, 
kimonos. 

provisos. 

tyros. 

dominos. 

quartos. 

virtuosos. 

duodecimos. 

lassos. 

salvos. 

zeros. 

dynamos. 

mementos. 

sextodecimos. 

Many  persons  find  it  difficult  or  impossible  to  recollect  the  relative  position  of  "e" 
and  "i"  in  such  words  as  ''receive,"  ''believe,"  etc.     If  they  will  bear  in  mind 
the  following  rule,  it  may  save  them  the  trouble  of  referring  to  a  dictionary  to 
determine  this  point: 
When  the  derivative  noun  ends  in  "tion,"  the  verb  is  spelled  with  "ei,"  thus: 

conception— conceive.  deception— deceive.  reception— receive. 

But  when  the  noun  does  not  end  in  "tion,"  the  verb  is  spelled  with  "ie,"  as: 

belief— believe. 

The  following  rule  for  using  "ei"  and  "ie"  will  be  found  convenient:  Bear  in 
mind  the  word  "lice" — "i"  follows  "1"  and  "e"  follows  "c,"  thus,  li-ce. 

Following  is  a  Ust  of  the  words  beginning  with  "s"  and  followed  by  "ei"  or  "ie," 
the  parts  of  words  in  parentheses  to  be  joined  to  the  prefix  (in  heavy  type)  as  a 
single  word : 


seiches. 

seidlitz. 

seigneurial. 

seignior  (age,  al,  alty,  y). 

seine  (er,  ing). 

seirospore. 

seismal  (mic,  mism,  mograph,  mographic,  mo- 
gram  mography,  mological,  mology,  mom- 
eter,  mometric,  mometry,  moscope,  motic). 

seity. 


seize  (able,  er,  in,  ing,  or,  ure). 
siege  (work). 
sienite  (ic). 
sienna. 


sierra, 
siesta, 
sieur. 
sieva. 
sieve. 


Only  three  words  of  our  language  end  in  "ceed"  (exceed,  proceed,  and  succeed), 
and  one  only  ends  in  "sede"  (supersede).  Therefore  "cede"  always  follows  the 
syllables  "pre,"  "inter,"  "con,^'  "se,"  "ac,"  "ante,"  "re,"  and  "retro."  In 
adding  the  suffix  "ity"  to  words  of  more  than  one  syllable,  only  one  word  has  a 
double  "1"  (tranquillity). 

The  following  is  a  list  of  nouns  not  compounds  of  "man,"  though  with  that 
termination,  the  plurals  of  which  are  formed  by  adding  "s"  and  not  by  the 
termination  "men." 

aman. 

cayman. 

daman. 

dolman. 

dragoman. 

German. 


Use  "a"  before  all  consonants  and  aspirated  "h,"  as  a  history,  a  human  being; 
but  do  not  use  it  before  a  silent  "h,"  as  an  honorable  man,  an  honest  man. 
Use  "an"  before  all  vowels  except  long  "u,"  as  in  union,  and  "o,"  as  in  one. 


hielaman. 

human. 

khansaman. 

leman. 

liman. 

monothalaman. 

Mussulman. 

Ottoman, 

quartodeciman. 

queriman. 

Roman. 

shaman. 

talisman. 
Thoman. 
Turcoman 
yarraman. 

USE  OF 

"A" 

AND  "AN.'» 

SOME  RULES  FOR  THE  USE  OF  HYPHENS. 


Most  compound  adjectives  that  precede  the  nouns  qualified  take  hyphens,  as 
' '  first-class  work/ '  ' '  enlarged-homestead  act, "  "  pig-iron  manufacture, ' '  ' '  40-horse- 
power  engine,"  "3-inch  pipe."  Use  a  hyphen  after  "well"  and  "ill"  in  phrases 
like  "  a  well-established  industry,"  "ill-advised  action";  but  write  "the  industry 
is  well  established."  Omit  hyphens  if  the  first  word  of  the  compound  adjective  is 
qualified  by  another  term,  as  "a  fairly  well  defined  rating  curve";  also  if  one  or 
more  of  the  words  are  capitalized,  as  "Portland  cement  industry,"  "Geological 
Survey  work."  The  prefix  "non"  is  usually  joined  to  the  word  it  qualifies,  but 
write  "non  coal-bearing  rocks."  Adverbs  ending  in  "ly"  are  not  compounded,  as 
"hastily  written  matter,"  "carefully  prepared  report." 

The  ordinary  rule  for  compound  adjectives  applies  to  color  terms:  Bluish-gray 
shale,  light-green  clay,  light  greenish-gray  marble,  slightly  purplish  gray  marble, 
milk-white  quartz,  blue-green  tourmaline,  deep-reddish  dolomite,  gray-greenish  beds, 
pale  cream  color.  Hyphenate  also,  in  any  position,  (a)  a  color  term  made  up  of  two 
color  names:  The  tourmaline  is  blue-green  in  color,  this  marble  is  pink-white;  (b)  a 
color  term  made  up  of  a  color  name  preceded  by  a  noun  that  indicates  the  shade: 
Brick-red,  olive-green,  jet-black,  sky-blue,  milk-white,  verdigris-green,  flint-gray; 
(c)  a  color  term  made  up  of  a  noun  that  indicates  the  color  followed  by  "colored," 
"tinted,"  or  some  similar  word:  Cream-colored,  salmon-colored,  tan-colored,  ivory- 
tinted.  "Colored "  should  always  be  Used  with  a  term  that  in  its  primary  meaning 
does  not  express  color,  as  chocolate-colored  clays,  not  chocolate  clays. 

The  Geological  Survey  has  adopted  a  uniform  scheme  for  the  use  of  hyphens  in 
petrographic  terms,  based  on  the  single  principle  that  like  names  are  connected  by  a 
hyphen,  and  unlike  names  are  not.  The  names  used  in  such  terms  are  of  four 
classes — (a)  rock  names,  (6)  mineral  names,  (c)  textural  names,  and  (d)  names  ex- 
pressing the  kind  of  clastic  aggregation.  Any  two  or  more  names  of  either  class  are 
connected  by  a  hyphen;  others  are  not.  The  principal  names  of  classes  c  and  c?  are 
as  follows:  (c)  Felsophyre,  gneiss,  porphyry,  schist,  vitrophyre;  {d)  agglomerate, 
breccia,  conglomerate,  sand,  tuff.    Examples: 

biotite  gneiss.  greenstone  schist.  lime-soda  feldspar, 

biotite-quartz  monzonite.  hornblende  andesite.  mica  schist, 

clay  shale.  hornblende-mica  andesite.  muscovite  mica, 

granite  gneiss.  latite-andesite.  plagioclase  feldspar, 

granite-syenite  porphyry.  leucite  basalt.  quartz  monzonite  porphyry. 

91 


COMPOUND  AND  NONCOMPOUND  WORDS. 


COMPOUND   WORDS. 

(See  also  Age,  Bonds  and  stocks,  and  Percentage,  pp.  35,  36.) 

Follow  Webster's  New  International  Dictionary  generally  in  the  use  or  omission  of 
the  hyphen  or  space  between  words.  The  Vocabulary  of  double  words  (p.  93)  and 
Geologic  ages,  etc .  (p .  25) ,  are  inserted  for  convenient  reference .  They  show  some  vari- 
ations which  are  to  be  followed.     Compound  adjectives  generally  take  the  hyphen. 

all-round  man.  joint-stock  company.  35-candlepower  lamp, 

asked-for  opinion.  light-green  color.  75-liorsepower  engine, 

contested-election  case.  national-bank  note  or  notes.  12-incli  main, 

cotton-boll  weevil.  sea-island  cotton.  f-inch  pipe, 

iron-ship  builder.  State-bank  note  or  notes.  ten  10-horsepower  cars. 

Do  not  confuse  a  qualifying  word  with  a  subject  word;  for  instance,  a  shoemaker 
may  be  a  German  shoemaker.  If  he  makes  wooden  shoes,  he  is  a  wooden-shoe  maker. 
Also  observe  the  following  forms:  Young  school-teacher,  common-school  teacher, 
high-school  teacher,  public-school  teacher,  etc. 

A  present  or  past  participle  with  a  noun  or  an  adjective  may  take  a  hyphen  in  such 
expressions  as  the  following:  Always  wind-obeying  deep;  well-dealing  countrymen; 
dark-working  sorceress;  soul-killing  witches;  fool-begged  patience,  etc. 

Adverbs  ending  with  "ly"  are  not  usually  compounded  with  the  adjectives  which 
they  qualify,  as  a  "nicely  kept  lawn."  But  words  like  "above,"  "ill,"  "well," 
"so,"  etc.,  are  compounded  in  such  expressions  as  "the  well-known  writer,"  "the 
so-called  tariff  reform,"  "this  ill-advised  expenditure,"  "the  last-named  article,"  etc. 

Fractions,  when  spelled,  should  be  compounded:  One  twenty-first,  one-fifth,  eighty- 
one  one-hundredths,  one  one-hundredth,  the  one-hundredth  part,  one  one-hundred- 
and-twentieth,  two  one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths. 

When  used  adjectively,  the  expressions  "first-class,"  "second-class,"  etc.,  are  to 
be  hyphenated;  otherwise  they  should  be  printed  as  two  words:  A  first-class  passage, 
a  first-class  man,  a  man  of  the  first  class,  a  work  of  the  second  class,  etc. 

In  such  expressions  as  the  "January- June  period,"  "Washington-Baltimore  im- 
provement," etc.,  when  used  adjectively,  use  hyphens;  but  to  indicate  the  elision 
of  the  word  "to,"  in  such  expressions  as  "the  period  January-June,"  use  an  en  dash. 

Mr.  So-and-so. 

NONCOMPOUND  WORDS. 

Omit  the  hyphen  in  civil  and  military  titles,  as  Attorney  General,  Postmaster 
General,  Paymaster  General,  brigadier  general,  lieutenant  colonel,  etc. 

Omit  the  hyphen  in  such  Latin  forms  as  "an  ex  officio  member,"  "ante  bellum 
days,"  "prima  facie  evidence,"  "per  diem  employees,"  etc.;  and  also  in  such  cases 
aa  "life  (or  fire)  insurance  company,"  "ocean  mail  lines,"  "railway  rate  legislation," 
"street  car  lines,"  etc. 

Omit  the  hyphen  in  abbreviated  terms  except  "sec. -ft." 

92 


VOCABULARY  OF  DOUBLE  WORDS. 


Double  words  not  found  in  this  vocabulary  or  in  the  New  International  Dic- 
tionary (edition  of  1910)  should  be  separated  by  a  space. 

Prefixes  are  in  bold-faced  type. 

When  a  suffix  is  preceded  by  a  hyphen,  use  a  hyphen;  if  not,  make  one  word. 

''The  rest  take  hyphen,"  "the  rest  one  word,"  means  all  others  of  the  same 
class  found  in  the  New  International  Dictionary. 

The  abbreviations  (a.),  for  adjective;  (adv.),  for  adverb;  (n.),  for  noun;  or  (v.), 
for  verb  after  a  word  restrict  the  use  of  the  word  to  the  part  of  speech  indicated. 

Words  taking  the  suffix  "like"  should  be  one  word,  unless  ending  in  "11,"  when 
a  hyphen  should  be  used,  as  shell-like,  etc. 

The  elements  of  many  double  words  may  be  used  separately.  Observe  the  caution 
as  to  qualifying  and  subject  words  under  the  heading  "Compound  words,"  and  do 
not  make  a  compound  unless  the  sense  requires  it. 


aard-vark,  -wolf. 

abat-vent. 

able  (prefix)  whackets;  the  rest  take  hyphen. 

about-sledge. 

aboveboard,  deck,  ground,  stairs;  the  rest  take 

hyphen, 
absciss-layer. 

absent;  compound  all  double  words, 
acid-proof  (a.), -fast  (a.), 
acre-dale,  -foot,  man,  staff, 
actino-chemistry,  -electricity;  the  rest  one  word, 
acute-angled. 

adderbolt,  cap,  fish,  -footed,  -spit,  wort. 
adder's-fem,  -flower,  -grass,  -meat,  -mouth,  -spear, 

-tongue. 
addle  (prefix)  plot;  the  rest  take  hyphen. 
atore  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
after  (prefix)  -bom,  -dinner,  -mentioned  (a.),  -shine, 

-stampable  (a.), -supper;  the  rest  one  word,  except 

after  sales, 
aftmost. 
agateware, 
ahorseback, 
aid-de-camp, 
airbound  (a.),  -built,  -dra^vn,  -dried,  -driven  (a.), 

-dry,  -floated   (a.),  -line   (a.),  lock   (v.),  man, 

ohydrogen,  ship,  -slaked,  -tight,  -tightness,  ward, 

way. 
aitchbone,  piece. 

alcoholimeter,  meter,  ometer,  ometry,  ophilia. 
alebench,  berry,  bush,  conner,  cost,  hoof,  house, 

tap,  taster,  whap,  wife,  yard, 
alkalimeter. 
all-around,  bone,  -father,  -fatherhood,  -fired,  -flredly, 

good,  -hail  (v.), hallow, hallowmas,  hallown,  heal, 

-might,    -mouth,    -overish,    -possessed,    -round, 

seed,  spice,  where,  work, 
alleyway, 
almond-eyed. 
alms  (prefix);  all  one  word,  except  alms  fee  and 

alms  land. 
alongships,  shore,  side. 
alpenglow,  horn,  stock, 
altarpiece,  ways,  wise, 
alto-cumulus,  -relievo,  stratus, 
alumroot, 
amidships. 

amperemeter,  amperometer. 
amylamine. 

amylo  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
anchor-hold, 
andiron. 

angel-eyes,  hood,  ship, 
angel's-trumpet. 
angleberry,  meter,  pod,  site,  twitch,  wing,  \vise, 

worm. 
anglo  (prefix);  all  one  word,  unless  followed  by 

cap,  when  use  hyphen, 
aniseroot. 


ankle-cutter,  jack. 

antacid,  arctic,  eater;  when  meaning  anti,  all  one 

word. 
ante;  all  one  word  (unless  followed  by  cap,  when 

use  hyphen),  except  ante  bellum  and  ante  mortem, 

which  make  two  words, 
anti-icteric,  -imperialism,  -injunction,  -trade;  the 

rest  one  word,  unless  followed  by  cap,  when  use 

hyphen, 
anvilfaced. 

any  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
appledrane,  drone,  jack,  John,  root,  -wife. 
aqua  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
aquco-igneous. 
arc-boutant,  -doubleau. 
arch,  archi  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
argillaceo,  or  argillo  (prefix)  take  hyphen, 
argus-eyed. 

aristo;  all  one  word,  except  aristo  paper, 
armchair,  hole,  let,  pit,  rack. 
armor-bearer,  -clad,  -piercing,  -plated, 
arrowbeam,    head,    headed,    leaf,    root,    stone, 

-toothed,  wood,  worm, 
arsesmart. 
arteriosclerosis. 
artilleryman,  ship. 

ashberry,  -colored,  -leaved,  weed,  wort.  « 

ashipboard. 

astro  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
ath wart-hawse;  the  rest  one  word, 
a-tiptoe. 
auto-da-f6,  -immunization,  -infection,  -inoculation, 

-intoxication,  -ophthalmoscope,  -oxidation,  -sight; 

the  rest  one  word, 
autumn-spring. 

avant  (prefix);  all  take  hyphen, 
away-going. 

aweband,  some,  -stricken,  -strike,  -struck, 
awl-shaped,  wort, 
axbreaker,  fitch,  hammer,  man,  seed,  stone,  tree, 

unge,  weed,  wort, 
axletree. 
aye-aye,  green. 

B. 

bab-root. 

babyhouse. 

baclcache,  -acting,  -angle,  band,  bite,  biter,  biting, 
-blocker,  board,  bone,  boned,  cap,  cast  (n.\ 
-cast  (a.),  chain,  door  (a.),  down  (n.),  fall, -fire  (v.), 
-firing  (n.),  flap,  -focus,  fold,  friend,  furrow, 
gammon,  ground,  hand,  handed,  hander,  heel, 
house,  jaw,  joint,  lash,  lashing,  log,  piece,  plate, 
rack,  -racket,  -raking,  rope,saw,  set,  setting,  settler, 
shift,  side  (the  rump),  sUde,  slider,  sUding,  staff, 
stairs  (a.),  stamp,  stay,  stick,  stitch,  stock,  strap, 
-strapped,  string,  stroke,  sword,  swording, 
swordman,  tack,  ward,  wash,  washer,  water,  way, 
woods,  woodsman,  word,  worm,  wort. 

93 


94 


EULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


badgeman. 

badger-legged,  weed. 

baff-end. 

baggala,hash,  -leaves,  man,  nut,  pipe,  piper,piping, 

reef,  room,  wig,  wigged,  worm, 
baggageman,  -master,  -smasher, 
bailpiece. 
bain-marie, 

bakeboard,  house,  shop,  stone, 
balancewise. 
baldcrown,  -faced,  head,  -headed  (a.),  money,  pate, 

-pated,  -patedness,  rib. 
balefire,  wort. 

ballfish,  -flower,  proof,  room,  stock,  weed. 
bandbox,case,master,-shaped,string,-tailed,work. 
bandy  bail,  -bandy,  -legged,  man. 
baneberry,  wort, 
bangtail,  tailed  (a.). 
bankman,  side,  -sided, 
barbated,  berry,  fish,  goose,  keeper,  maid,  master, 

man,  mote,  post,  room,  tender,  way,  wise,  wood, 

-wound. 
bare  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
bargeboard,  couple,  course,  man. 
barkbound,  ometer. 
barleybigg,  break,  brake,  -bree,  corn, 
barmv-brained. 

barnburner,  stormer,  storming,  yard, 
barrenwort. 
barring-out  (n.). 
basal-nerved, 
baseball,  board,  born,  -bred,  -burner,  -court,  -level 

(v.),  man,  -minded,  -mindedness. 
basket-flower,  -hilted,  wood,  work, 
bas-relief, 
bass-bar,  wood, 
basse-taille. 
basso-relievo, 
batfish,  -fives,  fowl,  fowler,  fowling,  horse,  man, 

-money,  -mule,  wing, 
bathflower,  house,  room,  tub. 
batsman,  wing, 
battering-ram, 

battle-ax,  dore,  ship,  stead,  wise, 
bawdyhouse, 

bay-antler,  berry ,  bolt,  bush,  gall,  head,  man,  wood, 
beachman,  master. 

bead-flush,  house,  man,  roll,  -ruby,  work, 
beadsman,  woman, 
beakhead,  iron, 
be-all. 

beambird,  filling,  -trawl  (v.). 
beanfeast,  weed, 
bearbane,  berry,  bind,  bine,  coot,  herd,  hound, 

-lead,  skin,  -tongue,  ward,  wood,  wort, 
bear's-bane,  -bed,  -breech,  -ear,  -foot,  -head,  -paw, 

-thread, 
beaucatcher,  clerk,  montague. 
bedbug,  chair,  chamber,  clothes,  cord,  cover,  fast, 

fellow,  flower^  gown,  key,  -molding,  pan,  plate, 

post,  quilt,  rid,  ridden,  right,  rite,  rock,  room, 

screw,  side,  site,  sore,  spread,  staff,  stead,  stock, 

straw,  tick,  tickmg,  time,  ward,  way. 
beebread,  head,  herd,  hive,  house,  keeping,  master, 

wav,  weed,  wort, 
beechdrops,  nut. 

beefeater,  head,  steak,  -witted,  wood, 
beerhouse,  pull, 
beeswax,  wing,  winged  (a,), 
beetle-browed,  bung,  head,  -headed,  stock,  stone, 

weed, 
beforehand,  said,  time, 
behindhand,  sight, 
bel-esprit. 
bellbind,  bottle,  -faced,  flower,  hanger,  hanging, 

house,  man,  mouth,  -mouthed,  -shaped,  -the-cat, 

-tongue,  topper,  ware,  wether,  wort. 
belle-m6re. 
belles-lettres, 
bellyache,    band,    blind,    -bound,    -god,    pinch, 

-pinched, 
bench  man. 
beriberi. 

bl-lliac,  -Ischiatic;  the  rest  one  word, 
blbble- babble. 
big-eye,  -eyed,  -gaited,  head,  horn,  root,  thatch, 

wig,  wigged. 
blllbeetle,  board,  broking,  bug,  fish,  head,  hook, 

man,  poster,  sticker, 
billet-doux,  head. 


billingsgate, 

billyboy,  cock,  hood. 

bindweed,  with,  wood. 

blrdbolt,  call,  catcher,  catching,  clapper,  -egg, 
-eyed,  -foot,  gaze,  hood,  lime,  -mouthed,  seed, 
vetch,  weed,  -witted. 

bird's-beak,  -bill,  -bread,  -eye,  -foot,  -mouth, 
-nest  (a.,  v.),  -nesting,  -pepper,  -tongue. 

birthday,  land,  less,  mark,  night,  place,  right, 
root,  wort. 

bitstock. 

bitterbark,  blain,  bloom,  bump,  bush,  head,  nut, 
root,  sweet,  weed,  wood,  worm,  wort. 

blackback,  -backed,  ball,  band,  belly,  -beUied, 
berry,  bird,  birder,  birdlng,  board,  boy, -blooded, 
breast,  -breasted,  -browed,  butt,  cap,  coat,  cock, 
-eyed,  -faced,  feet,  fellow,  -figured,  fin,  fish, 
fisher,  fishing,  foot,  friar,  guard,  head,  -headed, 
heart,  -hearted,  jack,  lead  (v.),  leg,  letter  (a.), 
list  (v.),  mail,  mailer,  mailing,  -mark,  -marker, 
meat,  moor,  mouth,  -mouthed,  neb,  poll,  pot, 
root,  Salter,  -sander,  -seed,  smith,  smithing,  strap, 
tail,  -tailed,  thorn,  tongue,  tree,  wash  (v.),  water, 
wood,  work,  wort. 

bladderfish,  nose,  wort. 

bladebone,  -point. 

blameworthy. 

blancmange. 

blastplate. 

bieareye,  -eyed,  -eyedness,  -witted. 

blendwater." 

biightbird. 

blindball,  eyes,  fast,  fish,  fold,  folded,  folder, 
-loaded,  stitch,  story,  weed,  worm,  -your-eyes. 

blindman's  buff. 

blink-eyed. 

blockhead,  headed,  headedness,  house,  like,  ship. 

bloodalp,  berry,  bird,  -boltered,  curdling,  drop, 
flower,  guilty,  guiltiness,  guiltless,  hound,  let, 
letter,  letting,  ripe,  root,  shed,  shedder,  shedding, 
shot,  -shotten,  stain,  stanch,  stick,  stone,  strange, 
stroke,  suck,  sucker,  sucking;  thirst,  thirsty, 
thifstlness,  ulf,  -vascular,  -warm,  weed,  wood, 
worm,  wort. 

bloodybones,  -minded. 

blowback,  ball, cock,  fish,  fly,  gun,  hard,  hole,  line, 
-off,  -out,  pipe,  -through  (a.),  torch,  tube,  up  (n.). 

blueback,  beard,  bell,  belled,  -bellied,  berry,  bill, 
bird,  -black  (a.),  -blackness,  blaw,  bonnet, 
book,  bottle,  breast,  bush,  buttons,  cap,  coat, 
cup,  -devllage,  -devlilsm,  -eye  (bird),  -eyed,  fin, 
fish,  gill,  gown,  -green,  hearts,  -hot,  jack,  jacket, 
joint,  nose,  noser,  -pencil  (v.),  pointer,  -ribboner, 
-ribbonist,  -sailors,  -starry,  stocking,  stone, 
throat,  tongue,  weed,  wing',  -winged,  wood. 

bluff-bowed,  -headed. 

blunderbuss,  head. 

boarfish. 

boar's-foot. 

boatbill,  house,  load,  man,  swain,  -tail,  woman, 
wrIght. 

boatsman. 

bobbinwork. 

bobcat,  -cherry,  fly,  sled,  sleigh,  stay,  tail,  tailed, 
Wright,  white. 

bodyguard. 

bogberry,  land,  sucker,  trot,  trotter,  trotting,  wood, 
wort.  ' 

boil-over. 

boilersmith. 

boldface,  faced  (a.). 

boll  worm. 

bolthead,  rope,  strake. 

bombproof,  shell. 

bon-accord,  bon,  due,  fire,  mot. 

bondholder,  maid,  man,  slave,  stone,  woman. 

bondsman,  woman. 

bone-ace,  ache,  binder,  dog,  -dry,  fish,  flower, 
grace,  set,  setter,  setting,  shave,  shaw,  wood, 
work,  wort. 

bonnyclabber. 

bookbinder,  bindery,  binding,  case,  craft,  fold, 
holder,  keeper,  keeping,  land,  -learned,  lore, 
maker,  malclDg,  man,  mark,  marker,  mate, 
monger,  plate,  press,  rack,  seller,  selling,  shelf, 
shop,  stack,  stall,  stand,  store,  wards,  ways,  wise, 
worK,  worm,  wright. 

boomboat,  brace,  -ended. 

bootblack,  hose,  jack,  last,  laster,  leg,  legger,  leg- 
ging, lick,  licker,  maker,  making,  -topping,  -tree. 


VOCABULARY   OF   DOUBLE   WORDS. 


95 


borderland. 

borough-holder,     master,    monger,    mongering, 

mongery. 
botherheaded. 
bott-hammer,  -stick. 
bottlehead,  holder,  -nest,  nose,  -nosed, 
bough  pot  (vase), 
bouts-rimes, 
bowback,  -backed,  -bell,  bent,  -dye  (v.),  fin,  grace, 

head,  knot,  leg,  -legged,  line,  man,  pin,  shot,  sprit, 

staff,  string,  stringed,  wood, 
boxberry,  bush,  fish,  haul,  hauled,  haulmg,  head, 

keeper,  thorn,  wood. 
brain-fag,  pan,  sick,  sickly,  sickness,  stone,  -tire, 

tree,  wood,  worm, 
brakeman. 
brambleberry. 
branchstand. 
brand-new,  stickle,  tall, 
brass-smith,  -visaged. 
brazen-browed,  face,  faced, 
brazilwood. 

breadfruit,  nut,  root,-stitch,  stuff,  winner,  winning. 
breakaway  (n.),  ax,  back,  bone  (fever;,  -circuit, 

down,  -in,  neck,  -off,  -promise,  stone,  -up,  water, 
breastband,  beam,  bone,  fast,  height,  -high  (a.), 

hook,  mark,  pin,  plate,  plow,  rail,  roll,  rope, 

summer,  weed,  wood,  work, 
bred-stitch, 
breechblock,  cloth,  clout,  loader,  girdle,  -loading 

(a.). 
brewhouse. 
bric-a-brac. 
brickbat,  field,  fielder,  kiln,  layer,  laying,  maker, 

making,  -nogged(a.),  setter,  -timber  (tree),  wise, 

work,  yard. 
bride,  brides  (prefixes);  all  one  word. 
bridgeboard,head,man,master,pot,tree,-ward(n.), 

ward  (adv.),  water, 
bridle-wise, 
brierwood. 

bristle-pointed,  tail,  wort, 
brittlewort. 
broadax,  bill,  -bottomed,  brim,  -brimmed,  cast, 

cloth,  -faced,  gauge,  -headed,  horn,  -horned,  leaf, 

-leafed,  -leaved  (a.),  man,  -minded  (a.),  mind- 

edness,  mouth,  piece,  share,  sheet,  side,  -spoken, 

spread,  -spreading,  sword,  throat,  wise, 
bromobenzinc,   borate,   gelatin,  iodism,  mania, 

picrin. 
broncho-pneumonia;  the  rest  one  word. 
brooklime,  side,  weed, 
broomdasher,  root,  staff,  stick,  weed. 
brotherhood,  -in-law,  wort, 
browbeat,  beater,  boimd,  post. 
brownback,  stone,  ware,  wort. 
brushman,  -tailed,  -tongued,  wood,  work, 
buckberry,  board,  bush,  eye,  -eyed,  horn,  hound, 

jump,  jumper,  plate,  pot,  ram,  saw,  shot,  skin, 

stall,    stay,    tail,    thorn,    tooth,  wagon,    wash, 

washer,  wheat,  wheater. 
buck's-horn. 
bufferhead. 

bufflehead,  -headed,  horn. 
bug  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
bugleweed. 
buhrstone. 
built-up  (a.), 
bulb-angle,  -tee. 
bulkhead. 
buUbeggar,  berry,  comber,  dog,  doze,  dozer,  faced, 

feast,  fighter,  fighting,  finch,  fincher,  fist,  foot, 

frog,  head,  headed,   neck,  -necked,  nose,  nut, 

pates,  -poll,  pout,   -roarer,   -rout,    rush,  weed, 

whack,  wort. 
buUen-nail. 

buUethead,  headedness,  -proof  (a.). 
bull's-eye,  -eyed,  -foot,  -heart,  -nose. 
bumblebee,  berry,  foot,  kite,  puppy, 
bumboat,  wood, 
bunch-backed,  berry,  flower, 
bunghole. 
buntline,  whip, 
burbark,  tree,  weed, 
burghmaster,  moot,  mote, 
burrknot,  stone, 
bushbeater,  fighter,  fighting,  hammer,  -harrow 

(v.),  house,  man,  ranger,  -tailed,  whack,  whacker, 

whacking,  wood. 


bushelman,  woman. 
businesslike,  likeness, 
busybody. 

butterball,  bill,  bird,  box,  bump,  bur,  cup,  -fin- 
gered, -fingers,  fish,  flip,  flour,  flower,  fly,  head, 

jag,  -leaves,  man,  milk,  nut,  root,  scotch,  toothed 

(a.),  weed,  -wife,  worker,  wort, 
butt-head,  -joint  (v.),  stock,  -strap  (v.),  -weld  (v.), 

woman, 
but-thom. 
buttonball,  bur,  bush,  hold,  holder,  hole,  holer, 

hook,  mold,  weed,  wood, 
buzzgloak,  nacking,  wig. 
by  (prefix),  gone,  hand,  name  (v.),  past,  path,  play, 

road,  stander,  time,  way,  word,  work;  the  rest 

take  hyphen. 

C. 
cabman,  urn. 

cabinetmaker,  making,  work, 
cable-laid  (a.),  way. 
cachepot. 

cakehovise,  walk,  walker. 
calcaneo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
calcarco  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
calc-sinter,  -spar,  -tufa,  -tuff, 
calf  kill,  skhi. 

calf  s-foot,  -head,  -snout  (plants), 
calicoback. 
camber-keeled. 

camel's-foot  (flower),  -hair  (a.). 
campfight,  master,  shed  (v.),  shedding,  sheeting, 

shooting,  shot,  shuting,  shutting,  ward,  wards, 
camstone,  wood. 
cancan,  dock, 
cancer-root,  weed,  wort. 
candleball,  beam,  berry,  bomb,  fish,  holder,  light, 

lighter,  lighting,  nut,  pin,  power,  rent,  shrift, 

stick,  waster,  wasting,  wick,  wood, 
candytuft, 
canebrake. 

cankerberry,eat  (v.),  fret, -root,  weed,  worm,  wort, 
canoe  wood, 
canvasback. 

cap-a-pie,  case,  sheaf,  shore,  stone, 
capeweed. 

cargoose,  load,  lock,  man. 
carbo  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
cardboard,  case, 
caretaker,  taking,  worn, 
carnal-minded,  -mindedness. 
carpetbag,  bagger,  bagging,  monger,  way,  weed, 
carriageway, 
carrion-flower. 
carrottop,  weed, 
carryall. 

cartload,  man,  ware,  way,  whip  (v.),  wright. 
carvel-built, 
case-bay,  -bearer,  harden,  hardened,  hardening, 

mate,  mated,  weed,  worm, 
cashbook. 
casse-tete. 

castaway  (n.),  -iron  (a.),  -off  (a.,  n.),  -weld  (v.). 
castle-builder,  -building,  -built,  -guard,  -ward, 
catbeam,  berry,  bird,  boat,  call,  -chop,  -eyed,  fall, 

fish,  footed,  gut,  -hammed,  harping,  -haw,  head, 

-hole,  hood,  -tn-clover,  -keys,  -locks,  mint,  -o-nine- 

tails,  piece,  pipe,  -rigged,  skin,  step,  stick,  stitch, 

-tail,  -whistles,  -witted,  wood,  word. 
catchall,   fly,   penny,  plate,   pole,   pool,   water, 

weight,  word,  work, 
eater-cornered,  -cousin, 
cat's-claw,  -ear,  -eye,  -foot,  -grass,  -keys,  milk, 

-paw,  -tail. 
cattlegate,  man. 
causeway,  wayed,  waytng. 
cavalryman, 
cave-in. 
cavo-relievo. 
cedar  ware, 
cellarway. 

centerbit,  board,  -fire  (a.),  piece,  -second  (a.). 
centro  (prefix),  -acinar;  the  rest  one  word. 
cerebro  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
cerecloth. 

cesspipe,  pit,  pool. 
chalnman,  smith,  wale,  work. 
chalkcutter,  plate,  stone, 
chambermaid, 
chance-medley. 


96 


RULES   AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


chapbook,  fallen,  fallenly,  man,  woman. 

chapel  master. 

char-k-bancs. 

charterhouse. 

charwoman. 

chase-hooping. 

cliasse-cafe,  -cousin,  pot. 

chatterbag,  basket,  box. 

cheap-jack,  -John. 

checkbird,  hook,  man,  mate,  rein,  road,  roar,  roll, 

row, rowed,  rower,  stone,  strap,  string,  weigher, 

weighman,  work. 
checkerberry,  board,  wise,  work, 
cheesebowl,  cake,  cloth,  lip,  monger,  paring,  wood, 
chef-d'oeuvre. 
cherry-pie,  -wood, 
chessboard,  man,  tree, 
chestworm . 

cheval-de-frise,  -vapeur. 
chiaroscuro. 

chickore,  -pea,  stone,  weed,  wheat. 
chickenberry,  -breasted,  -fighters,  -hearted,  -heart- 

edly,  -heartedness,  weed,  wort, 
chief-justiceship, 
chiggerweed. 

chUdbearing,  bed, birth, crowing,ridden,  ward,  wife, 
chinaware. 
chloralamide,  imide. 
chockablock,  -full  (a.), 
choirmaster,  wise. 

chokeberry,  bore,  cherry,  strap,  weed,  wort, 
chopboat,  -cherry,  -chop,  fallen,  house,  -nut,  stick, 
chowchow. 
christcross-row. 
Christmastide. 

chromo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
chrono  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
chub-facea. 

chuck-a-luck,  -farthing,  -wiU's-widow. 
chucklehead,  headed. 
church-ale,  -bench,  -brooms,  goer,  going,  grith, 

man,  -scot,  ward,  warden,  way,  woman,  yard. 
clnquefoil,  -pace,  -spotted  (a.). 
clrcum  (prefix);  all  one  word,  unless  followed  by 

cap,  when  use  hyphen, 
cirrobranchiata,  -cumular,  -cumulative,  -cumulous 

(a.),   -cumulus   (n.),   -fllum,   -macula,   -nebula, 

stomatous,  -strative,  -stratus,  -velum. 
cIs  (prefix);  all  one  word,  unless  followed  by  cap. 
cltra  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
city-commonwealth,  -state, 
clackdish. 

clambake,  cracker,  shell, 
clapboard,  dish,  match,  net,  trap,  wort, 
class-fellow,  man,  mate,  room, 
clay  bank,  weed, 
clean-bred,  -cut,  -fingered,  -handed,  -handedness, 

-limbed,  -lived,  skins,  -limbered,  -up. 
clear-boled,  cole,  -cut,  -eyed,  -headed,  -headedness, 

-seeing,  -sighted,  -sightedness,  skins  (n.),  starch, 

starcher,  story,  weed,  wing, 
cleft-footed,  -graft, 
clerkale. 
cliflsman. 
clinchbuilt. 
clincher-built. 
clingfish,  stone, 
clinkclank,  stone, 
clinker-built, 
cllpfish, -loading, 
clipper-built, 
clish-clash. 
cloakroom. 

clockbird,  face,  wise,  work,  worked, 
clodhopper,  hopping,  pate,  pated. 
close  (prefix)  fisted;  the  rest  take  hyphen, 
closed-coil. 

clotheshorse,  line,  pin,  press. 
cloudberry,   -built,   -burst,   -capped,   -compeller, 

-compelling,  land,  -ring,  scape, 
cloven-footed,  -hoofed, 
clove-root. 

clover-sick,  -sickness. 
clubfist,  fisted,  foot,  footed,  hand,  haul,  house, 

link,  man,  riser,  room,  root,  -rush,  -shaped. 
CO  (prefix) -allied, -ally, -altitude, -creator  -creditor, 

-curator,  -debtor,  -directional  (a.),  -love,  -meddle; 

the  rest  one  word, 
coachfellow,  man,  smith,  whip,  wood,  wright. 


coal-black,  fish,  fitter,  goose,  hole,  mouse,  pit, 
-whipper,  -whipping. 

coarse-grained,  -grainedness. 

coast-hning,  man,  ward,  ways,  wise. 

cobblestone. 

cobbler's-awl,  -pegs. 

cobcab,  head,  loaf,  nut,  stone,  web,  webby,  work, 
worm. 

cock-a-doodle-doo,  -a-hoop,  arouse,  bill,  boat, 
brain,  chafer,  crow,  -crower,  crowing,  eye,  eyed, 
fight,  fighting,  head,  horse,  -laird,  light,  loft, 
master,  match,  mate,  pit,  roach,  shot,  shy,-spar- 
rowish,  spur,  -stone,  -stride,  sure,  sureness,  tail, 
-tailed,  -throppled,  throwing,  up,  web,  weed. 

cockle-bread,  bur,  shell,  -wife. 

cockscomb,  combed,  foot,  head. 

codbait,  fish,  fishery,  piece,  pitchings,  ware,  worm. 

codshead. 

coffeehouse,  man,  pot,  room. 

cofferdam,  work. 

cogwheel,  wood. 

cold-blooded,  -bloodedly,  -bloodedness,  -drawn, 
-drawing,  finch,  -hammer  (v.),  -hammered, 
-hearted,  -heartedly,  -heartedness,  -roll,  -rolled 
(v.),  -short  (a.),  -shortness,  -shot  (a.),  -shoulder 
(v.),  -shut  (a.). 

cole  (prefix)  -rape;  the  rest  one  word. 

colicroot,  weed,  wort. 

collar-proud  (a.). 

color-blind  (a.),  man. 

combbroach,  -brush,  -shaped. 

come-along,  -at-able,  -at-ableness,  -at-ability,  back, 
down,  -oft',  -outer. 

commonplace,  weal,  wealth,  wealth 's-man. 

companionway. 

compass-headed  (a.). 

concavo-concave,  -convex. 

coneflower,  head,  -in-cone,  -nose,  pate. 

contra-arithmetical,  -debt;  the  rest  one  word. 

convexo-concave,  -convex,  -plane. 

cookbook,  house,  maid,  room,  shop,  stove. 

cool-headed,  -headedness,  house  (horticulture), 
weed,  wort. 

copemate,  stone. 

copper-belly,  -bottomed,  -faced,  -fastened,  head, 
headism,  -nickel,  nose,  -nosed,  plate,  smith,  tail, 
ware,  wing,  worm. 

copple-crown,  -crowned. 

copse  wood,  wooded. 

copyhold  (n.),  holder,  right,  rightable,  righter. 

coral-and-pearl,  -bells,  berry,  -fern,  flower,  -gem, 
-rag,  -red  (a.),  root,  wort. 

cordleaf,  wood. 

corded-up  (a.). 

corkscrew,  wing,  wood. 

corkscrew-flower,  -plant. 

corn-beads,  bell,  bind,  -binks,  bole,  brash,  cob, 
-cracker,  crib,  cutter,  cutting,  dodger,  field,  floor, 
flower,  land,  loft,  pipe,  root,  stalk,  starch,  stone. 

cornerbind,  cap,  wise. 

cornet-k-pistons. 

costal-nerved  (a.). 

costermonger. 

cottonmouth,  seed  (a.),  tail,  weed,  wood. 

coughroot,  weed,  wort. 

councilman,  men. 

countfish,  -wheel. 

counter  (prefix)  -courant,  -reformation,  -remon- 
strant, -revolution,  -revolutionary,  -revolutionist, 
-revolutionize,  -roll;  the  rest  one  word. 

countinghouse,  room. 

country-base,  -dance,  man,  seat,  side,  woman. 

coupe-gorge. 

coupstick. 

court-baron,  bred,  craft,  house,  leet,  man,  mantle, 
-martial,  noil,  -plaster,  ship,  yard. 

cousin-german. 

couvre  (prefix);  all  take  hyphen. 

coverlet,  lid,  -point,  side. 

cowbane,  bell,  berry,  bind,  bird,  blakes,  boy, 
catcher,  -crackers,  -fat,  fish,  gait,  gate,  girl,  hage, 
heart,  hearted,  heel,  herb,  herd,  hide,  -hitch, 
-hocked, itch,  leech,  leeching, lick,  man, -mumble, 
pea,  pen,  -pilot,  -plant,  pox,  -puncher,  quake, 
-rattle,  skin,  slip,  slipped,  -tail,  tongue,  weed, 
wheat. 

coxcomb  (a  fop),  swain. 

crabcatcher,  -cater,  -eating,  -faced,  hole,  sidle  (v.), 
stick,  weed,  wise,  wood,  -yaws. 


VOCABULARY   OF   DOUBLE   WORDS. 


97 


crab's-claw,  -eye,  -stone. 

crackajack,  brain, -brained,  jaw,  -loo,-the-whip  (n.). 

crackleware. 

cracksman. 

cradleland. 

craftsman,  manship,  master. 

cragsman. 

cram-full. 

crampfish. 

craneman. 

crane's-bill. 

craw-craw,  fish. 

creamcake,  -colored,  cups,  -faced,  -sacs,  -slice. 

creephole,  mouse. 

crfeve-ccEur. 

crewelwork. 

crib-bite,  work. 

crinkleroot  (n.). 

croftland. 

crookback,  backed,  bill,  neck. 

crooked-foot. 

crop-ear,  -eared,  -full,  -headed,  weed. 

cropple-crown. 

cross-armed,  band,  -banded,  bar,  beak,  beam, 
-bearer,  -bedded,  belt,  -bench,  -benched,  -bench- 
edness,  -bencher,  -bias,  -biased,  bill  (zoology), 
-bind,  bolt,  -bond  (v.),  bones,  bow,  bowman, 
bred,  breed,  -bun.  -buttock,  -buttocker,  -channel, 
-church,  -compound  (a.),  -country,  -crosslet, 
-curve,  cut,  cutter,  cutting,  -examination,  -exam- 
ine, -examiner,  -eye,  -eyed,  -face,  -feed,  -fertilize, 
-fertilizable, -fertilization, -filing, -fire(v.j,fish,  flow, 
flower,-fox,-garnet, -grained, -grainedness,  hackle, 
hand,  -handed,  -handled,  hatch,  hatcher,  hatch- 
ing, haul,  head,  -headed,  -hilted,  -interrogate, 
-interrogation,  -interrogatory,  jack,  -laminated, 
legs,  -legged,  -leggedness,  -lift,  -light,  -lighted, 
line,  -locking,  -lots,  -mate,  over,  patch,  -pawl, 
-peen,  piece,  -plow,  -point  (v.),  -pollenize,  -polli- 
nate,-pollination, -purpose,  -question,  -question- 
able, -reading,  -refer,  road,  row,  rufl,  -spale, 
-staff,  -stitchj  -stone,  -stratified,  -stratification, 
tail,  tie,  -tining,  toes,  tree,  walk,  way,  weed, 
-week,  wise,  wort. 

crowbar,  bell,  berry,  flower,  foot,  footed,  keeper, 
-quill,  -silk,  -soap,"  step,  stepped,  stone,  toe. 

crow's-bill,  -foot  (n.). 

crownbeard,  land,  piece,  -post,  work. 

crust-hunt  (v.),  -hunter  (n.). 

crypto  (prefix) -double;  the  rest  one  word,  unless 
followed  by  cap,  when  use  hyphen. 

cubangle,  -drawn. 

cubby-hole,  -house,  yew. 

cubo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

cuckoo-babies,  -bread,  bud,  -flower,  -fool,  -maid, 
-maiden,  -mate,  -meat,  pint,  pintle,  -shoe,  -sour. 

cuckoo's-eye,  -fool,  -maid,  -maiden,  -mate,  -meat, 
-sandy, -sour. 

cul-de-four,  -de-lampe,  -de-sac. 

culverkey,  tail,  tailed,  wort. 

cumu-cirro-stratus. 

cumulo-cirrus,  -nimbus,  -stratus. 

cupbearer,  board,  flower,  -headed  (a.),  -marker, 
meal,  -rose,  seed,  stone. 

curb-sending,  -signaling,  stone. 

cure-all. 

curly  head,  -pate,  -pated. 

currycomb. 

cushion-flower. 

customhouse,  -made. 

cutaway,  -grass,  -in,  lips,  -off,  -out,  -paper,  -tail, 
throat, -toothed,  -under, -up,  water,  weed,  work, 
worm. 

D. 

dairymaid,  man,  woman. 

dandy-cock,  -hen. 

daneball,  geld,  law,  wort. 

dapple-bay,  -gray. 

dareall,  -devil,  -deviltry. 

dartman. 

dartsman. 

dashboard,  plate,  pot,  wheel. 

daughter-in-law. 

dayberry,  book,  break, -coal,  dawn,  dream,  dreamer, 

flower,  fly,  house,  light,  lighted,  long,  man,  mare, 

-peep,  shine,  spring,  -star,  tale,  taler,  tide,  time, 

woman,  work,  writ, 
daysman. 
dead-alive,  -and-alive,  -alivism,  beat  (a.)  (physics), 

-beat  (a.),  -born,  -bright,  -color,  -dipped,  -dip- 

97724°— l.'J 7 


ping,  -drunk  (a.),  -drunkenness,  eye,  fall,  head, 
-hearted,  -heartedly,  -heat,  -heater,  house,  latch, 
light,  lock,  man,  melt,  -roasted,  -stroke,  -tongue 
(n.),  -weight,  wood,  wort. 

deaf-dumb,  -dumbness,  -mute,  -muteness, 
-mutism. 

dearborn,  -bought. 

deathbed,  blow,  day,  -of-man  (n.),  -struck,  watch. 

deathsman. 

death's-head. 

deckle-edged. 

deck-piercing. 

deooyman. 

deep-browed, -dyed, -grown, -laid,-mouthed,-piled, 
-rooted,  -rootedness,  -sea,  -seated,  -set,  -sinker, 
-waisted. 

deerberry,  -foot,  -hair,  herd,  horn,  hound,  -neck, 
skin,  stalker,  stalking,  -tongue,  weed,  wood. 

deer's-hair,  -milk,  -tongue. 

del  ft  ware. 

demi-jour,  -relief,  -relievo,  -tasse;  the  rest  one 
word. 

dendro  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

dentate-ciliate,  -crenate,  -serrate,  -sinuate. 

dessert-spoonful. 

dcutero  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

devil-devil,  -diver,  -dodger,  fish,  -may-care,  wood. 

devil's-apron,  -bit,  -bite,  -bones,  -candlestick, 
-claw  -club,  -coachhorse,  -coach wheel,  -curry- 
comb, -ear,  -eye,  -fingers, -garter,  -grandmother, 
-grip,  -guts,  -hair,  -hand,  -horn,  -milk,  -paint- 
brush, -pitchforks,  -plague,  -root,  -shoestrings, 
-snuffbox,  -stinkpot,  -tether,  -tongue,  -trumpet, 
-walking-stick. 

dew-beater,  berry,  claw,  cup,  drop, fall, lap, lapped, 
rot,  worm. 

diamond-back,  -backed,  -point  (a.),  -shaped. 

dicebox,  play. 

die-away  (a.),  -back,  -hard,  sinker,  sinking,  -square, . 
stock. 

dike-hopper,  -louper,  reeve. 

dillydally,  dallier. 

dim-sighted,  -sightedness. 

diner-out. 

dinffdong,  -dong  (adv.). 

dingle-bird,  dangle. 

dip-head. 

direct-acting,  -action,  -connected,  -coupled. 

dirt-cheap. 

dishcloth,  -faced,  -mustard,  rag,  washer,  water. 

ditchbur,  down. 

d!tty-bag,  -box. 

divi-divi. 

do-all,  -little,  -naught,  -nothing,  -nothingism, 
-nothingness. 

dock-walloper,  yard. 

doe-bird,  skin. 

dogbane,  -banner,  berry,  -blow,  bolt,  bur,  cart, 
-cheap, -day  (a.),  -draw,  -ear,  -eared,  -faced,  fall, 
fish,  -fisher,  -gone, -goned, -headed  (a.),  -hearted, 
hole, -leg, -legged,  mouth,  -rose, shore,  skin,  sleep, 
stone,  -tail  (a.),  tie,  -toes,  tooth  (a.),  trick,  trot, 
vane,  watch,  -weary,  whipper,  wood. 

dog's-bane,  -chop,  -cullions,  -dinner,  -ear,  -finger, 
-guts,  -mouth,  -nose,  -poison,  -rib, -tail, -tooth  (a.), 
-tongue. 

dollarfish. 

domebook. 

domesbook,  day,  man. 

doodlesack. 

doombook. 

doomsbook,  day,  man. 

doorbell,  brand,  case,  cheek,  frame,  keeper,  mat, 
nail,  plate,  post,  sill,  step,  stone,  stop,  way,  weed, 
5'ard. 

dope-book. 

dos-&,-dos. 

doubleganger,  tree;  the  rest  take  hyphen,  except 
double  entente. 

dough-baked,  -bird,  boy,  face,  -faced,  faceism,  nut. 

dove^colored,  cot,  cote,  -dock,  -eyed,  house,  tail, 
tailed,  tailer. 

dove's-foot. 

downbeard,  cast,  castly,  castness,  come,  comer, 
-draw,  -drug,  -east,  -caster,  fall,  fallen,  falling, 
flow,  haul,  hearted,  heartedly,  heartedness,  hill, 
land,  -lie,  money,  most,  pour,  right,  rightly, 
rightness,  rush,  set,  share,  shoot,  side,  sitting, 
stairs, stream,  take,  throw,  thrown,  trod,  trodden, 
ward,  wardly,  wardness,  way,  weed,  weigh. 

draftboard. 


98 


BULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


draftsman. 

dragbar,  bolt,  hound,  man,  net,  rope,  -saw,  staff. 

draggle-tail,  -tailed. 

dragonhead,  wort. 

dragon's-claw,  -mouth,  -skin,  -tongue,  -wort. 

drainpipe,  tile. 

drakestone. 

dramseller,  shop. 

draw-arch,  arm,  back,  bar, bays, beam, bench, bolt, 

bore,  boy,  bridge,  cut,  dock,  file,  -filing,  gate,  gear, 

gloves,  head,  horse,  knife,  knot,  link,  loom,  net, 

plate,  rod,  shave,  sheet,  spring,  stop,  tongs,  tube 

-water, -well  (n.). 
drawing-room, 
drayman. 

dread-bolted,  naught. 
dreamland,  world, 
dredgeman. 

dressmaker,  makership,  makery,  making, 
driftbolt,  piece,  pin,  way,  weed,  wind,  wood, 
drillmaster,  stock, 
drink-hail. 
dripstick,  stone, 
drlveboat,  bolt,  cap,  head,  pipe,  screw,  way,  well, 

wheel, 
dronepipe. 
dropberry,  -flower,  -flue,  -forge  (v.),  head,  -kick, 

-kicker,  -light,  -out,  seed,  worm,  wort, 
drove-road,  -way. 
drug-ice. 

drumbeat,  fish,  head,  skin,  stick,  wood, 
dry-as-dust  (a.)  -beat,  -boned,  -bones  (n.),  -clean, 

-cleanse,  -cure,  -dock  (v.),  -eyed,  -grind,  -grinder, 

nurse  (v.),  -paved,  -paving,  -rot,  -rub,  -salt  (v.), 

Salter,  saltery,  -shave,  -shod,  -stone, 
dub-a-dub. 
duckbill,  -billed,  -footed,  -legged,  meat,  stone, 

weed,  wing. 
duck's-bill  (a.),  -foot,  -meat,  -off. 
dueblll. 
dugout,  way. 

dullhead;  adjectives  take  hyphei;i. 
dumb-bell,  -waiter. 
dunderhead,  headed,  pate. 
dungfork,  heap,  hill,  hilly,  meer. 
dustbin,  brush,  -devil,  man,  pan,  plate. 
Dutchman's-breeches,  -pipe  (plants), 
dyehouse,  -leaves,  stone,  stuff,  ware,  weed,  wood. 
dynamo  (prefix)  -electric,  -electrical. 

E. 

eagle-eyed,  -sighted,  stone,  -winged,  wood. 

earache,  bob,  -brisk,  cap,  cockle,  drop,  drum,  lap, 
-leaved,  lock,  mark,  -minded,  -mindedness,  pick, 
piece,  piercer,  reach,  ring,  screw,  shot,  sore,  -split- 
ting, tab,  wax,  wig,  wiggy  (a.),  wigginess  (n.), 
witness,  wort. 

earthbag,  -ball,  bank,  board,  bom,  -bound,  bred,* 
-club,  drake,  fall,  fast,  light,  nut,  pea,  quake, 
shock,  star,  tongue,  wolf,  work,  worm. 

earthen-hearted,  ware. 

earthly-minded,  -mindedness,  -wise. 

Eastertide. 

eastbound  (also  northbound,  southbound,  west- 
bound), -insular,  -windy. 

easy-chair,  -going. 

eat  berry. 

eavesdrop,  dropper,  dropping. 

edgebone,  shot,  stone,  ways,  weed,  wise. 

eel-back,  buck,  fare,  fish,  grass,  mother,  pot,  pout, 
skin,  spear,  ware,  worm. 

egg-apple,  -bound,  eater,  -eating  (a.),  nog,  -peg, 
plant,  -shaped,  shell,  wife. 

egotheism. 

elghtfoil,  fold,  score,  -square. 

elbowboard,  chair,  room. 

elderberry,  hood,  man,  woman,  wort. 

electro-analysis,  -engrave,  -engraving,  -etching;  the 
rest  one  word,  except  electro  galvanized. 

elephant's-ear,  -foot,  -head  (plants). 

eleuthero  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

elfhood,  kin,  land,  lock,  -shoot  (v.),  stricken,  wort. 

elfenfolk. 

elkwoo<l. 

elliptic-lanceolate. 

ellwand. 

elsewhere,  whither,  wise. 

ember-goose. 

embryologlc,  logical,  logically,  plastic. 


emeto-cathartlc. 

end-all,  game,  -grain  (a.),  long,  most,  -organ, 
-stopped,  -stopping,  ways,  wise. 

engineman,  -sized,  -turned,  -turner,  -type  (a.). 

entire-wheat  (a.). 

entryman,  way. 

erecto-patent. 

erelong,  now,  while. 

erstwhile. 

evenclose,  down,  fall,  glome,  hand,  -handed, 
minded,  song,  tide. 

evening-snow,  -song. 

everblooming,  during,  glade,  green,  lasting,  last- 
ingly, lastingness,  living,  more. 

everybody,  day  (a.),  how,  one  (pronoun),  thing, 
when,  whence,  where,  whither. 

evildoer,  -eyed,  -favored,  -minded,  -mindedness, 
-starred. 

ewegang,  -necked. 

ex  (prefix  for  former  condition  or  office  held);  all 
take  hyphen. 

ex  officio. 

exclto  (prefix);  aU  take  hyphen. 

ex-official,  -voto. 

expressman. 

extra  (prefix)  -alimentary,  -analogical,  -articular, 
-atmospheric,  -axillar,  -axillary,  -embryonic, 
-enteric,  -inductive,  -intellectual,  -ocular,  -official, 
-red,  -uterine;  the  rest  one  word. 

eyeball,  balm,  bar,  beam,  bolt,  bridled  (a.),  bright, 
brow,  cup,  drop,  flap,  glance,  glass,  hole,  lash, 
lens,  less,  lid,  mark,  -minded,  -mindedness,  piece', 
pit,  point,  reach,  root,  seed,  servant,  server, 
service,  shot,  sight,  sore,  -splice,  spot,  -spotted, 
stalk,  stone,  strain,  string,  tooth,  waiter,  wash, 
water,  wink,  winker,  witness,  wort. 

F. 

lace-arbor,  -bedded,  -harden,  plate,  wise,  work. 

facsimile. 

fag-end. 

faint-heart,    -hearted,    -heartedly,    -heartedness, 

-nm. 
lair-days  (n.),  -faced,  -grass,  ground,  -li aired, -lead, 

-leader,  -leading,  -minded,  -mindedness,  -natured, 

-spoken,  way,  -weather  (a.), 
lairyhood,  land,  like, 
lalcon-beaked,  bill,  -gentil,  -gentle, 
faldstool, 
lal-lal,  -lallery. 

fallage,  -back,  -down,  fish,  -trap,  way. 
lalse-heartedness;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
fan-crested,  dangle,  fare,  fish,  flower,  foot,  light, 

-nerved,  tail,  -tailed,  -tan,  -veined,  -work,  wort. 
fancy-free,  -loose,  -man,  -sick,  -woman,  work, 
far-away,  -come,  -fetched,  -forth,  -gone,  -off,  -reach- 
ing, seeing,  -sight,  sighted,  sightedly,  sightedness. 
fardel-bound. 

farmhold,  house,  stead,  steading,  yard, 
fashion-monger,  -monging. 
fasthold,  land, 
fatback,  bird,  -brained,  -faced,   head,    -headed, 

-headedness,  -lean,  -witted,  wood. 
father-in-law,  land,  -lasher, 
faultfinder,  finding, 
faussebraye,  -brayed, 
fawn-colored, 
fearnaught. 
f  eatherbird,  bone,  brain,  brained,  edge,  edged,  few. 

foil,  -footed,  head,  -headed,  -heeled,  man,  pated,. 

-staff,  stitch,  tongue  (v.),  top,  -veined,  -weed^ 

weight,  -weighted,  wing,  work,  worker, 
feeble-minded,  -mindedly,  -mindedness. 
fee-faw-fum. 
fellowcraft,  feel,  ship, 
felo-de-se. 

fer-de-fourchette,  -de-lance,  -de-moline. 
fernbird,  brake,  gale,  leaf,  shaw,  wort. 
ferro  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
ferryboat,  -flat,  house,  man,  -master, 
fetterbush,  lock. 

feverbush,  few,  root,  -trap,  twig,  weed, 
fiber-faced, 
fibrous-rooted. 
flddle-back,     deedee,    -faced,    -faddle,    -faddler; 

-shaped,  stick,  string,  wood, 
fleld-cornet,  fare,  piece,  work  (military), 
fighting-cock. 
figure-four  (trap),  head,  headless,  headship. 


VOCABULARY   OF   DOUBLE   WORDS. 


99 


fltfworm,  wort. 

fllefish,  -hard  (a.). 

finback,  fish,  foot,  -footed,  scale,  -spined,  -toed. 

flne-ax,  -bore,  draw,  drawn,  -headed,  spun, 
-still  (n.),  still  (v.),  stiller,  top. 

finger-berry,  breadth,  smith,  stone. 

firearm,  armed,  back,  ball,  bird,  board,  bolt, 
bolted,  bote,  boot,  brand,  brat,  break,  coat, 
-crack  (v.),  cracker,  crest,  dog,  drake,  dragon, 
-eyed,  fang,  -fanged,  fish,  flame,  flaught,  flirt, 
fly,  guard,  -hot,  -hunt,  -leaves,  light,  lock,  man, 
master,  -new,  place,  proof,  proofing,  -raiser, 
-raising,  room,  side,  stone,  tail,  -tailed,  top, 
warden,  weed,  wood,  work,  worm. 

fi^s^bom(a.),-class(a.)^foot,-hand,ship,-rate,-rater. 

fishback,  -bellied,  bolt,  bone,  -culturist,  eye, 
-eyed,  -fag,  garth,  gig,  hook,  -joint  (v.),  line,  man, 
monger,  mouth,  plate,  pond,  pool,  poimd,  skin, 
tail,  way,  weir,  wife,  woman,  wood,  works, 
worker,  worm. 

fltroot,  weed. 

five-comers  (plant),  -finger,  fold,  -leaf,  -leaved, 
-lined,  pence,  penny,  score,  -shooter,  -sisters 
(plant),  some,  -twenty. 

fiagman,  pole,  root,  ship,  staff,  stone,  worm. 

flame-colored,  flower,  -of-the-woods. 

flannel-leaf,  mouth. 

flapdragon,  -eared,  jack,  -mouthed. 

flareback,  -out,  -up. 

flashhoard,  -light  (a.),  monger,  pan. 

flatboat,  bottom  (n.),  -bottomed,  cap,  -com- 
pounded, fish,  -footed,  -footedly,  -footedness, 
head  (a.),  -headed,  iron  land,  man,  -minded, 
-nosed,  -top,  ware,  ways,  wise,  weed,  woods, 
worm. 

flaxbush,  -polled,  seed,  -star,  tail,  weed,  wort. 

fleabane,  bite,  bitten,  -dock,  lugged,  seed,  weed, 
wood,  wort. 

fleet-foot,  -footed. 

flesh-colored,  -fallen,  hook,  pot. 

fleur-de-lis. 

flight-shot. 

flimflam,  flammer. 

flint-hearted,  lock,  ware,  wood. 

flip-flap,  -flop,  jack. 

flittermouse. 

flixweed. 

floatboard,  -feed  (a.),  man,  stone. 

flockman,  master,  owner,  wise. 

floodcock,  gate,  mark. 

floorcloth,  head,  walker,  wise. 

flower-de-luce,  pot. 

fluework. 

fluid-compressed  (a.). 

flukeworm,  wort. 

fluor  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

flushboard. 

flute-douce,  like,  mouth,  work. 

fluvloglacial,  -marine,  terrestrial. 

flyaway  (a.),  back,  bane,  -bitten,  blow  (n.),  blown, 
boat,  boy,  -by-night,  catcher,  -catching,  eater, 
fish,  -fisher,  -fisherman,  flap,  flapper,  leaf,  man, 
speck,  tail,  trap,  -up-the-creek,  wheel,  wort.. 

foambow,  flower. 

logbow,  dog,  eater,  fruit,  horn,  -logged,  man. 

fold-course. 

folkfree,  land,  lore,  moot,  mote,  right. 

foUow-my-leader,  -on. 

foodstuffs. 

foolfish,  hardihood,  hardiness,  hardy,  proof,  ship. 

foolscap. 

fool's- coat. 

football,  bailer,  balUst,  board,  boy,  breadth, 
bridge,  cloth,  -drop,  fall,  fight,  gang,  gauger, 
gear,  halt,  hill, hold,  -length,  licker,  Ughts,  lining, 
lock,  -loose,  man,  mark,  note,  pace,  pad,  path, 
pick,  plate,  -pound,  -pound-second  (phys.),  print, 
rill,  rope,  scald,  -second,  -side,  sore,  stalk,  stall, 
step,  stick,  stock,  stone,  stool,  -sugar,  wall,  walk, 
way,  wear,  work,  worm,  worn. 

forasmuch,  ever,  sooth,  spend,  swear. 
fore  (prefix)  -adapt,  -and-aft,  -and-after,  -announce, 
-answer, -being,  -bemoan,  -bespeak,  -bless,  board, 
-bowels,  -bowline,  -conclude,  -elder,  -fit,  -girth, 
-glide,  -gut,  -horse,  -imagine,  -instruct,  -intend, 
misgiving,  -sheet,  -tenant,  -tooth,  -topgallant, 
topmast,  -topsail,  -world;  the  rest  one  word,  ex- 
cept the  following,  which  are  two  words:  bay, 
bow,  cabin,  caddie,  companion,  eccentric,  edge, 
end,  part,  pillow,  plane,  quarter,  sight  (of  a  gun). 


forget-me-not. 

forkbeard,  head,  tail,  -tailed.  ' 

forth  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

fortune-hunting,  -telling  (a.). 

foul-mouthed,  -spoken. 

fountainhead. 

four-ball,  -cant,  -centered,  -color,  -cornered,  -cycle, 
-dimensional,  -eyed,  -eyes,  fold,  -foot,  -footed, 
-hand,  -handed,  -hander,  -homed,  -horse,  -horsed, 
-in-hand,  -legged,  -masted,  -oared,  -o'clock,  -part, 
pence,  penny,  -post,  -posted,  -poster,  pounder, 
score,  some,  square,  -strand,  -stranded,  -toes, 
-tooth,  -way,  -went,  -wheel,  -wheeled,  -wheeler. 

fowlfoot. 

foxbane,  berry,  feet,  finger,  fish,  -furred,  glove, 
hound,  -hunt  (v.),  -hunting,  like,  ship,  tail, 
tailed,  tongue,  wood. 

fracto-curaulus,  -nimbus,  -stratus. 

framework. 

frank-chase,  -fee,  -ferm,  -hearted,  -heartedness, 
incense,  incensed,  marriage,  pledge,  -tenant, 
-tenement,  -tenure. 

freeboard,  boot  (v.),  booter,  booting,  -bom,  -for-all, 
-hand,  -handed,  -hearted,  -heartedly,  -heartedness, 
hold,  holder,  holding,  -lance,  -living,  -loving,  man, 
martin,  mason,  masonic,  masonry,  -mifling, 
-minded,  -quarter,  -quarterer,  -soil,  -seller, 
-spoken,  stone,  -swimming,  -swimmer,  -tailed, 
thinker,  thinking,  -tongued,  -trading,  wheel, 
wheeler,  will  (a.),  -willed,  -wilier,  woman. 

freedman,  woman. 

freshman,  woman,  -water  (a.). 

fretwork. 

frlar's-cap,  -cowl,  -crown,  -goose,  hood,  thistle 
(plants). 

friction-tight. 

frigate-built. 

frillback. 

fringepod. 

frogbit,  -eye,  fish,  foot,  hopper,  land,  leaf,  mouth, 
stool. 

frontiersman. 

frostbird,  bite,  -blite,  bow,  fish,  fiower,  itch, 
-nail  (v.),  root,  weed,  work. 

froufrou. 

fruitstalk. 

fugleman. 

full;  adjectives  and  adverbs  take  the  hyphen. 

f  undholder,  monger,  mongering. 

funnelform. 

furrow-faced. 


gableboard. 

gadabout,  bee,  bush,  fly,  man,  wall. 

gaff-topsail. 

gag-check  (v.),  -reined,  root. 

gainsay,  sayer,  twist. 

gallbush,  flower,  fly,  nut,  stone,  weed,  -wind,  wort. 

galley-bird,  man,  -west,  worm. 

galvano  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

gameball,  cast,  cock,  keeper. 

gangboard,  gang,  master,  plank,  tide,  way. 

gape-gaze,  seed,  worm. 

gapingstock. 

gap-toothed. 

gar  bill,  board,  fish. 

gardengate  (flower). 

garefowl. 

garnet- work. 

gas-fired,  Ught,  lighting,  lighter,  man,  -tight  (a.). 

gastro  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

gatchwork. 

gatehouse,  keeper,  man,  post,  ward,  way,  wise. 

gavelkind. 

gay-wings  (n.). 

gazehound. 

gazingstock. 

gelatino-bromide,  -chloride. 

gem-fruit. 

gemsbok,  horn. 

gentlehood,  folk,  -hearted,  man,  woman. 

get-at-able,  -away,  -off,  -up. 

giddyberry,  -head,  -headed,  -paced. 

gill-flirt, -flirting, -hooter,  house,-netter, -overground, 

-run. 
gilt-edge,  -edged,  head,  tail, 
gimcrack,  crackery. 
gimbal-jawed. 


100 


KULES  AND   STYLE   OF    COMPOSITION. 


gimber-jawed. 

.  gimleteyed  (a.). 

gInger-beery,  bread,  leaf,  nut,  root,  snap,  -work, 
wort. 

ginhouse,  shop,  -spinner. 

girdlestead. 

girtline. 

give-and-take,  -away. 

glass-faced,  -glazed,  house,  maker,  man,  -paper  (v.), 
-rope,  ware,  weed,  work,  worker,  worm,  wort. 

glauco  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

gleeman,  maiden,  woman. 

glia-cell. 

globefish,  flower,  -trotter,  -trotting. 

globo-cumulus. 

glowfly,  lamp,  worm. 

gluepot. 

go-ahead,  -as-you-please,  bang,  bar,  -between,  -by, 
cart,  -devil,  down,  -off. 

goatbeard,  bush,  drunk,  fish,  herd, -kneed,  -pepper, 
root,  skin,  stone,  sucker,  weed. 

goatsbane,  beard,  eye,  foot. 

goat's-hair,  -head,  -horn,  -leaf,  -rue,  -thorn,  -wheat. 

godchild,  daughter,  father,  head,  mother,  parent, 
send,  wit. 

God-fearing,  -man,  speed,  ward  (a.). 

goggle-eye,  -eyed. 

goldbeater,  beating,  -bloom,  -brick  (v.),  bug, 
-chain,  crap,  crest,  -cup,  -filled,  finch,  finny,  fish, 
-hammer,  -laced,  -of-pleasure,  seed,  -shrub,  smith, 
smithery,  spink,  stone,  thread,  tit,  weed,  work, 
worker. 

golden-banded,  -crested,  -crowned,  -eye,  -eyed, 
hair,  head,  knop,  locks,  -mouthed,  pert,  rod, 
seal,  -spoon,  wing,  winged. 

gong-gong. 

good-by,  -fellowship,  -humored,  -humoredly,  -look- 
ing, man,  -natured,  -naturedly,  -tempered,  wife. 

goody-good,  -goody,  -goodyism. 

goose-beak,  berry,  bill,  fish,  fleshy,  foot,  herd, 
house,  neck,  necked  (a.),  -rumped,  weed,  wheat, 
wing,  winged. 

gospel-like  (adv.),  -true. 

goutweed,  wort. 

grab-all,  hook. 

graft-hvbridism. 

grain-burnt,  -cut,  field. 

grandaunt,  child,  daughter,  dad,  daddy,  -ducal, 
father,  fatherly,  ma,  mamma,  mother,  motherly, 
nephew,  niece,  pa,  papa,  parent,  p6re,  sire,  son, 
uncle. 

grapeflower,  fruit,  root,  shot,  stone,  vine,  wort. 

grapho  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

grasschat,  cut,  cutter,  flower,  -green,  -grown, 
hopper,  land,  man,  nut,  plat,  work,  worker. 

graveclothes,  digger,  stone,  yard. 

gravel-blind,  root,  stone,  weed. 

grayback,  beard,  coat,  fish,  fly,  head,  pate,  stone, 
wacke,  wether. 

greasebush,  fish,  horn,  wood. 

great-aunt,  -bellied,  -circle  (a.),  coat,  -eyed,  footed, 
-grandchild, -granddaughter, -grandfather, -grand- 
mother, -grandson,  -hearted,  -heartedness, 
-mouthed,  nephew,  -niece,  -uncle. 

greedy-gut. 

greenback,  backer,  bone,  brier,  coat,  -eyed,  finch, 
fish  (n.),  gage,  gill,  grocer,  grocery,  head,  heart, 
hide,  horn,  house,  room,  -salted,  sand,  sauce 
(plant),  shank,  sick  (a.),  sickness,  side,  stick, 
stone,  sward,  tall,  -tail  (a.),  weed,-  wing,  -winged 
(a.),  withe,  wood,  wort. 

griddlecake. 

gridiron. 

grillroom. 

grindstone. 

gripman^  sack. 

gristmill. 

grltrock,  stone.  • 

grogshop. 

groomsman. 

grosbeak,  grain. 

gross-headed. 

grotto  work. 

groundberrv,  down,  -fast,  man,  mass,  needle,  nut, 
sel,  sluice  (v.),  ward,  work. 

grown-up. 

grubstake,  worm. 

guardfish,  house,  rail,  room,  stone. 

guardsman. 

guess-warp,  work. 


guest-rope. 

guideboard,  book,  craft,  post,  way. 

guildhall. 

guilt-sick. 

gulfweed. 

gull-catcher. 

gullyhole,  -raker. 

gumboil,  digger,  digging,  drop,  resinous,  wood. 

gunboat,  bright,  cotton,  fire,  flint,  lock,  maker, 
making,  man,  paper,  powder,  powdery,  reach, 
shot,  -shy,  shyness,  smith,  smithery,  smithing, 
stick,  stock,  stocker,  wale. 

gutta-percha. 

gutweed,  worm,  wort. 

gutter-blood,  snipe,  tree. 

gypsyweed,  wort. 

H. 

hackbarrow,  berry,  man,  thorn. 

hackneyman. 

hagberry,  boat,  bolt,  born,  bush,  fish,  ride,  seed, 
weed,  -wood. 

ha-ha. 

hailstone,  storm. 

hairbird,  brained,  -bramble,  -branch  (tree), 
breadth,  brush,  cap  (moss),  cloth,  -cup  (flower), 
-drawn,  dress,  dresser,  dressing,  pin,  splitter, 
splitting,  spring,  streak,  tail,  trigger  (flower), 
weed,  worm. 

hairy-foot  (plant). 

half-and-half,  -baked,  beak,  -beam,  -bent,  -blooded, 
-boot,  -bound,  -bred,  -breed,  -caste,  cock  (v.), 
-consonant,  -cracked,  -decked,  -decker,  -faced, 
-hardy,  -headed,  -hearted,  -heartedly,  -hearted- 
ness, -hourly,  -inferior,  -length,  -lop,  man,  -mast, 
-moon,  pace,  paced,  penny,  pennyworth,  -port, 
-rater,  -round  (a.),  -saved,  -seas  (a.),  -shade, 
-shrub,  -sole  (v.),  -solid  (a.),  staff,  -strained, 
strong  (phonetics),  -sword,  -terete,  -timberpd, 
-time  (a.),  -timer,  tone  (a.),  -tongue,  -turn  (a.), 
-volley  (v.),  way,  wit,  -witted,  -world,  -yearly. 

hailboy,  -mark  (v.),  moot,  way. 

halterbreak  (v.). 

hamfatter,  shackle,  string. 

hammerbird,  cloth,  -dress  (v.),  hard  (a.),  -harden, 
-head,  -headed,  man,  -refined,  smith,  stone,  toe, 
wort,  -wrought. 

handball,  barrow,  bill,  blow,  book,  bow,  breadth, 
-broad,  cart,  clap,  clasp,  cloth,  craft,  cuff, 
-culverin,  fast,  fasting,  fish,  -fives,  ful,  grip,  grip- 
ing, gun,  -hoe  (v.),  hoer,  hold,  hole,  kerchief,  laid, 
-line  (v.),  -liner,  made,  maid,  maiden,  -me-down, 
-organist,  -out,  -pollinate  (v.),  post  (n.),  rail, 
railing,  sale,  saw,  seller,  shake,  shaking,  spike, 
spoke,  spring,  stroke,  -sweep, -taut,  -tight,-tooled, 
-tooling,  waled,  warp,  wheel,  work,  workman, 
-worked,  write  (v.),  writing,  -wrought. 

handlebar. 

handy-billy,  -dandy. 

hangbird,  -choice,  dog,  fire,  man,  nail,  nest,  worm, 
worthy  (a.). 

hanger-on. 

haplo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

happy-go-lucky. 

hara-kiri. 

hardback,  bake,  beam,  -bitted,  -boiled,  -bound, 
-cured,  -drawn,  -favored,  -favoredness,  -featured, 
-featuredness,  -fed,  fern,  -fisted,  -fistedness, 
-grained,  hack,  -handed,  -handedness,  head, 
-headed,  -headedness,  -hearted,  -heartedly,  -heart- 
edness, -mouthed,  pan,  -set,  -shell,  -shelled,  ship, 
-spun,  -tack,  tail,  -upness,  -visaged,  ware,  weed, 
wood,  -wooded. 

hardwareman. 

harebell,  brain,  brained,  brainedly,  brainedness, 
-eyed,  foot,  -hearted,  hound,  lip,  lipped,  -mad,  nut. 

hare's-bane,  -beard,  -ear,  -foot,  -meat,  -tail  (plants). 

hartshorn. 

hart's-tongue  (n.),  -ear. 

harum-scarum. 

harvestman. 

hatband,  box,  pin,  rack,  rail,  -shag,  stand,  -tree. 

hatch-boat,  way. 

haulabout,  back. 

hausse-col. 

hautboy,  goClt,  pas,  -relief. 

haver-corn,  grass,  meal,  sack. 

hawlcberry,  bill,  -billed,  bit,  -eyed,  -nose,  -nosed, 
nut,  shaw,  weed. 


VOCABULARY   OF   DOUBLE   WORDS. 


101 


hawk's-beard,  -bill  (n.)- 

hawser-laid. 

liay-band,  bird,  bote,  cock,  crome,  field,  fork,  loft, 
maker,  making,  mow,  rack,  rake,  rick,  -scented, 
seed,  stack,  ward. 

hazelnut,  wort. 

headache,  -aching,  achy,  band,  bander,  -bay, 
block,  board,  borough,  cap,  chair,  cheese,  chute, 
cloth,  cracker,  dress,  -drop,  fish,  frame,  gear, 
-hunter, -hunting,  kerchief,  land,  ledge,  light,  line, 
long,  man,  mark,  mold,  most,  note,  -on,  piece, 
plate,  post,  quarters,  race,  rail,  reach,  rent,  rest, 
right,  ring,  room,  rope,  sail,  shalce,  ship,  sill, 
skin,  spring,  stall,  stick,  stock,  stone,  strong, 
strongly,  strongness,  tire,  ward,  water,  way,  wear, 
word,  work. 

headsman. 

heal-all. 

hearsay. 

hearsccloth,  like. 

heartache,  beat,  bird,  break,  breaking,  broken, 
brokenness,  burn,  burning,  dear,  deep,  -easing, 
-eating,  felt,  -free,  grief,  -heavy,  -heaviness,  leaf, 
-leaved  (a.),  pea,  quake,  -rending,  -robbing, 
-scald,  seed,  -shaped,  sick,  -sickening,  sickness, 
some,  sore,  -stirring,  stricken,  strike  (v.),  string, 
struck,  -swelling,  water,  ward,  weed,  -whole, 
-wholeness,  wise,  wood,  wort,  -wounded  (a.). 

hearthrug,  stone,  ward,  warming  (n.). 


heathberry,  clad. 

heaven  (prefix);  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

heavyback,  head  (a.),  weight;  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

hedgeberry,  born,  bote,  hog,  pig,  row. 

heel-and-toe,  ball,  -cap  (v.),  path,  piece,  plate,  post, 
ring,  strap,  tap,  tool,  tree. 

heigh-ho. 

hellbender,  bind,  born,  box,  bred,  -brewed,  broth, 
-cat,  -diver,  dog,  -fire,  hag,  -haunted,  hound,  kite, 
raker,  root,  ward,  weed. 

helmet-crest,  pod. 

helmsman. 

helmwind. 

helpmate,  meet. 

helter-skelter. 

hempseed,  string,  weed,  wort. 

hemstitch,  stitched. 

henbane,  bill,  bit,  coop,  cote,  -driver,  -feathered, 
fish,  -hearted,  house,  hussy,  peck,  roost,  wife. 

henceforth,  forward. 

henchboy,  man. 

hepato  (prefix)  -pancreas;  the  rest  one  word. 

herb-bane. 

Hercules'-club. 

herdbook,  boy,  wick. 

herdsman,  woman. 

hereabout,  after,  at,  by,  from,  in,  inafter,  inbefore, 
into,  of,  on,  to,  tofore,  under,  unto,  upon,  with. 

herol-coraic,  -comical. 

herringbone,  -kale. 

hetero-albumose,  -infection,  -inoculable,  -inocula- 
tion; the  rest  one  word. 

heyday. 

hidden-veined. 

hideaway,  bind,  bound. 

high  (prefix)  ball,  binder,  born,  boy,  "fainting, 
flyer,  flying,  -holder,  -hoe,  land,  lander,  -low, 
-mindedly,  -mindedness,  -muck-a-muck,  road, 
-spiritedness,  -stepper,  way,  way  man;  the  rest 
take  hyphen. 

hillberry,  bird,  man,  side,  top,  woman,  wort. 

hindbefry,  -brain,  -gut,  most,  sight. 

hiphalt,  -hop,  shot,  wort. 

hippety-hoppety. 

hippo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

hit-and-miss  (a.),  -or-miss  (a.). 

hoarfrost,  stone. 

hobbyhorse. 

hob-and-nob,  goblin,  nail,  nailed,  nob. 

hocus-pocus. 

hodgepodge. 

hoecalce,  down. 

hogback,  -backed,  -bed,  -bite,  -brace,  -bull,  chain, 
choker,  -colt,  fish,  -frame,  -maned,  -mouthed, 
-nose,  nose  (snake),  nut,  pen,  score,  skin,  sty, 
wash,  weed,  wort. 

hog's-back,  -bane,  -bean,  -bread,  -fennel,  -garlic, 
-grass,  maidder,  -meat. 

hogshead. 


hoistaway,  way. 

hoity-toity. 

hokey-pokey. 

holdall,  back,  fast,  out,  up. 

holder-forth,  -up. 

holewort. 

hollow-hearted,  -heartedness,  -horned. 

hollyhock. 

holus-bolus. 

holyday,  stone,  tide. 

home-born,  -bound,  -bred,  -brew,  -brewed,  come, 
-coming,  -driven,  -felt,  -keeper,  -keeping,  land, 
likeness,  made,  sick,  sickness,  spun,  stead, 
steader,  ward,  wort. 

homo  (prefix);  all  one  word,  except  homo  mensura. 

honestone,  wort. 

honeyballs,  bee,  berry,  comb,  -combing,  dew, 
dewed,  drop,  -lipped,  moon,  -mouthed,  pod,  -pot, 
-stalks,  suckle,  suckled,  sweet,  -tongued,  ware 
(plant),  wood,  wort. 

hoodcap,  wink,  wort. 

hoof  bound,  print,  rot. 

hook-billed,  -nosed,  -weed,  worm. 

hooky-crooky. 

hoopstick,  wood. 

hop-about,  bine,  scotch,  -toad,  vine  (n.), -vine  (a.), 
yard. 

hornbeak,  beam,  bill,  blende,  block,  blower,  book, 
-eyed,  fish,  -mad,  -madness,  -pie,  pipe,  plant, 
stay,  stone,  swoggle,  tail,  tip,  work,  worm,  wort. 

horny-handed,  head. 

horror-stricken. 

horseback,  bane,  -chestnut,  -eye,  fight,  fish,  flesh, 
flower,  fly,  foot,  -guardsman,  hair,  haired,  head 
(fish),  herd,  hide,  hoof  (plant),  jockey,  laugh, 
laugher,  laughter,  leech,  load,  man,  manship, 
mint,  play,  -pipe,  pond,  power,  pox,  -racing  (a.), 
-radish,  rake,  shoe,  sheer,  tail,  way,  weed,  whip, 
whipper,  woman,  womanship,  wood. 

hose-in-hose. 

hotbed,  -blooded,  -brain,  -brained,  -drawn,  foot, 
-head,  -headed,  -hoof,  house,  -press,  -presser,  -roll, 
-short,  -shortness,  -shot,  -spirited,  spur,  spurred, 
-tempered. 

houndnsh. 

hound 's-tongue  (weed). 

hourglass. 

houseball,  -boat  (v.),  bote,  bound,  break  (v.), 
breaker,  breaking,  builder,  carl,  father,  ful, 
-headship,  heating,  hold,  holder,  holding,  keep 
(v.),  keeper,  keeping,  leek,  line,  maid,  master, 
mate,  mating,  mother,  ridden,  room,  smith,  top, 
warm  (v.),  warming,  wife,  work,  wright. 

howbeit,  -do-you-do  (n.),  ever,  soever. 

hubble-bubble. 

huckleback,  backed,  berry. 

hugger-mugger. 

humanhood,  kind. 

humpback,  backed,  -shouldered. 

humpty-dumpty  (a.)- 

hunchback,  backed. 

hundredfold,  -pounder  (military),  weight. 

hunger-bit. 

huntsman,  woman. 

huntsman's-cup,  -horn  (plants). 

hunt's-up  (tune). 

hurdy-gurdy. 

hurly-burly. 

hurricane-decked . 

husbandman. 

hydra-tainted. 

hydro  (prefix)  -economics,  -extract,  -extractor;  the 
rest  one  word. 

hyper  (prefix);  all  one  word,  unless  followed  by 
cap,  when  use  hyphen. 

hypo-ellipsoid,  -iodites,  -iodous,  -isotonic;  the  rest 
one  word. 

I. 

iceberg,  blink,  -bone,  bound,  -brook,  -cold,  craft, 
fall,  -fern,  fish,  -flower,  -free,  land,  man,  quake, 
work. 

ideal-realism  (n.). 

ileo-ileostomy;  the  rest  one  word. 

ill-advisedly,  -affectedness,  -favoredly,  -humoredly, 
-manneredly,  -mindedness,  -naturedly,  -natured- 
ncss,  -temperedly,  -temperedness,  treat,  -wilier, 
-wish  (v.),  -wisher;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

imp-pole. 


102 


RULES  AND  STYLE  OF   COMPOSITION. 


In-and-in,  -and-out,  -clearer,  -clearing,  -going;  the 
rest  one  word. 

i  ncense-breathing. 

Inchmeal,  pin,  worm. 

india-rubber  (a.). 

infantryman. 

Infra  (prefix)  -auricular,  -axillary,  -esophageal, 
-red;  the  rest  one  word. 

inglenook. 

Inkberry,  fish,  holder,  horn,  pot,  root,  stand,  stone, 
well,  wood,  writer. 

Innholder,  keeper,  yard. 

internal-combustion  (a.). 

Intra-abdominal,  -acinous,  -alveolar,  -arterial, 
-articular,  -ecclesiastical,  -epithelial,  -imperial, 
-vitam;  the  rest  one  word  except  intra  vires. 

Ironbark, -bound, -cased, -casing,  clad, -fisted, -gray, 
-handed,  -hard,  -headed,  -hearted,  man,  master, 
-mold  (v.),  monger,  mongering,  -shod,  -shot, 
-sick,  side  (n.),  -sided  (a.),  smith,  stone,  ware, 
weed,  wood,  work,  -worked,  worker,  working, 
wort. 

islesman. 

Ivorybill,  -billed  (a.),  type,  -white,  wood. 

Ivybells,  berry,  -leaved,  wood,  wort. 


Jack-a-dandy,  -among-the-maids,  ass,  at-a-pinch, 
-at-the-hedge,  bird,  -booted,  -by-the-hedge,  daw, 
fish,  fishing,  -go-to-bed-at-noon,  -head,  -in-a-box, 
-in-office,  -in-the-basket,  -in-the-box,  -in-the-bush, 
-in-the-green,  -in-the-hedge,  -in-the-pulpit,  -in-the- 
water,  -in-trousers,  -jump-about,  knife,  leg, 
-light  (v.),  -of-all-trades,  -o'-lantern,  -of-the- 
buttery,  -plane  (v.),  pudding,  saw,  screw,  shaft, 
shay,  slave,  snipe,  stay,  stone,  straw,  -tar,  wood, 
-yarder. 

jailbird. 

Jarfly,  nut,  -owl. 

jawbone,  breaker,  fall,  fallen,  fish,  foot,  footed, 
-locked,  smith. 

jayhawk,  hawker,  -pie,  weed. 

jellyfish,  leaf. 

jerkinhead. 

jerry-build  (v.),  -builder,  -built. 

jet-black. 

jewbush,  fish,  stone. 

jewelhouse,  weed. 

jew's-ear,  -harp,  -stone. 

jews'-thorn. 

jibhead,  -header, -o-jib. 

jlfif-a-jig,  -a-jog,  jog,  -saw  (v.). 

jill-flirt. 

jimbang,  crack,  -crow  (mach.),  sedge. 

jinglejangle  (v.),  -jangle. 

jobioernowl. 

Jobman,  master,  mistress,  monger,  smith. 

Job's- tears. 

jogglework. 

Johnadreams,  -apple. 

johnnycake,  -cranes. 

Jolnt^awned, -bedded,  weed,  worm. 

jolly-boat,  head,  tail. 

Jolterhead,  headed,  headedness. 

joulemeter. 

Journeyman,  woman,  work. 

judge-made. 

jugfish,  -fishing  (n.). 

junkman. 

Juryman,  -rigged,  woman. 

Juxta  (prefix)  -arapullary,  -tropical;  the  rest  one 
word. 


kangaroo's-foot  (plant). 

keelbill,  bird,  -bully,  fat,  haul,  hauled, -line,  man, 

rake,  -rope,  vat. 
keepsake,  worthy  (a.). 
kelpfish,  ware,  wort, 
kenlore,  mark, 
kennelraker. 
kernelwort. 
kero-watcr. 

kettlecase,  dock,  drum,  drummer,  pins, 
keyboard, -cold  (a.), cold  (n.).  hole,  note, -seat  (a.), 

seatcr,  stone,  -stop,  -stringed,  way. 
kick-ball,  -off,  -out, -up. 
kid-glove,  -gloved. 
kidney-root,  -shaped,  wort. 


kill-cow,  crop,  deer,  -devil,  -joy,  -ix)t. 

kiln-dry  (v.),  eye,  hole,  rib,  stick,  tree. 

kind-hearted,  -heartedness. 

klng-at-arms,  bird,  bolt,  craft,  cup,  fish,  fisher, 

-head,  maker,  -of-arms,  -pin,  -post,  -rod,  wood. 
king's  (prefix  for  tree  and  plants);  all  take  hj'phen. 
kinsfolk,  man,  people,  woman, 
kipskin. 
kirkman,  yard, 
kiss-me,  -me-quick. 
Kit-cat. 

kitchen-garten,  -maid, 
kite-bar,  flier,  flying, 
kittenhearted. 
kUpfish. 

knappan,  sack,  sacked,  sacking,  weed, 
knce-breeched,  brush,  cap, -cooking,  -deep,  -halter 

(v.),  -high,  -jointed,  pan,  piece,  -sprung,  stone, 

-tied, 
knife-bayonet,    board,    -edge,    -edged,    -handle, 

-plaited  (a.),  smith. 
knight-errant,  -errantry,  fish,  head. 
knight's  (prefix  for  plants);  all  take  hyphen, 
knitwork. 

knobstick, -root,  weed,  wood, 
knockabout,  away,  down,  -knee,  -kneed,  -off,  -out, 

stone,  up. 
knotberry,  grass,  head,  horn,  root,  weed,  work, 

wort. 
know-all,  -nothing,  -nothinglsm. 
knucklebone,  -deep,  -duster,  -joint  (v.),  -kneed, 
kohl-rabi. 
Ku-Klux. 

L. 
labor-saving. 
lac  (prefix);  all  one  word,  except  lao  sumac  and 

lac  tree, 
lacebark,  leaf,  man,  pod,  wing,  -winged,  woman, 

wood,  work. 
lackall,  brain,  land,  luster,  lustrous, 
ladder-backed,  way. 

ladybird,  bug,  clock,  fish,  -killer,  -killing,  like,^ove. 
lady's  (prefix  for  botanical  names);  all  take  hyphen, 
lakeland,  side,  weed. 
lambale,  kill,  kin,  like,  -pie,  skin. 
lamb's    (prefix   for   botanical   names);    all    take 

hyphen, 
lampblack,  fly,  light,  lighter,  -lit ,  -post, 
lance-leaved  (a.),  man,  pod,  wood, 
land-book,  -bred,  -cast,  -end,   fall,  flood,  folk, 

-grabber,  -grabbing,  grave,  gravine,  holder,  hold- 

ing,-horse,  lady,  lock,  locked,  looker,  lord,  louper, 

louping  (a.), lubber,  man,  mark,  owner,  ownmg, 

-poor,  reeve,  right,  -sale  (a.),  scape,  slide,  slip, 

storm,  ward,  -wash,  wreck. 
lantern-jawed,  man. 
lapboard,  -butted,  -jointed  (a),  -lap,  stone,  streak, 

streaked,  streaker, -weld (v.),  welded,  wing,  work, 
large-acred,  -eyed,  -handed,  -headedness,  -hearted, 

-heartedness,  -minded,  -raindedness,  -mouthed, 
lark-colored,  -heel,  -heeled  (a.),  spur, 
lasslorn. 

latchkey,  string. 
lathe-bore  (v.),  reeve, 
lathwork. 
latter-day,  most. 
lattice-leaf  (n.),  work, 
laughingstock, 
laugh  worthy, 
laundryman. 
law-abiding,  breaker,  breaking,  giver,  giving, -hand, 

maker,  making,  man,  monger,  suit,  -worthy, 
lawyerlike. 
lay-by  (n.),  -down  (a.),  man,  out,  -over,  stall, 

woman, 
lazyback,  -bed,  bones,  boots, 
leadback,  hillite,  man,  -off  (n.),  stone,  waj",  work, 

wort, 
leadsman. 

leafcup,  -red,  stalk,  work;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 
lean-face  (a.),  -faced  (a.) ,  -to,  -witted. 
leapfrog,  frogger. 
leasehold,  holder,  holding. 
leatherback,  bark,  board,  bush,  coat,  -ear,  fish, 

head,  -headed,  jacket,  leaf,  neck,  side,  stocking, 

ware,  wing,  -winged,  wood, 
leave-taking. 

leeangle,  board,  -bow,  ward,  way. 
leechcraf  t,  eater. 


VOCABULARY   OF   DOUBLE   WORDS. 


103 


left-eye,  -footed,  -footedness,  -hand  (a.),  -handed, 

-handedness, -hander,  most,  -off,  ward, 
leg-of-mutton  (a.), 
lego-literary  (a.). 

lemon-scented,  weed,  wood. 

leopardwood. 

leopard's-bane. 

let-alone  (a.),  -off,  -up. 

letter-bound,  head,  -high,  leaf,  -learned,  -learning, 
-perfect,  press,  -winged  (a.),  -wood. 

levelman;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

licker-in. 

Ilckety-cu  t,  -split 

llckpenny,  -spit,  -spittle. 

lie-de-vin. 

Ileno  (prefix);  -intestinal;  the  rest  one  word. 

lie- tea. 

lifeblood,  boat,  cord,  -giver,  -giving,  hold,  holder, 
like,  long,  mate,  rent,  renter,  -safe  (n.),  -saver, 
-saving,  -size,  spring,  string,  -tide,  time,  -weary. 

light-armed,  boat,  -fingered,  -foot,  -footed,  -handed, 
-handedness,  head,  -headed,  -headedness, 
-hearted,  -heartedness,  -heeled, -horseman,  house, 
houseman,  -limbed,  -minded,  -mindedness, 
-o'-love,  room,  ship,  -struck,  -tight,  weight, 
-winged,  -witted,  wood. 

lighterman,  -screw. 

lign-aloes. 

lignum-vitse. 

like-minded,  -mindedness. 

Illy-handed.  -livered,  -white,  wort. 

lime-ash,  -oush,  -juicer,  kiln,  light,  rock,  stone, 
wash,  water.  / 

llnchbolt,  pin,  pinned. 

Ilneameter,  man,  -out, -riding,  -up,  work. 

line-of-battle  ship. 

Ilnkboy,  man,  work. 

linsey-woolsey. 

Ilntseed,  stock,  white. 

Ilonfish,  -heart, -hearted,  -heartedness,  like,  -tailed. 

lion's  (prefix  for  botanical  names);  all  take  hvphen. 

lip-back,  -bom,  -deep,  fish,  -good. 

liquidambar. 

listwork. 

Iltho  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

live-forever,  long. 

Ilverberry,  wort;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

liveryman. 

lizard's-tail. 

loadstar,  stone. 

loanmonger. 

lobcock,  fig,  -grass,  scouse,  scouser,  sided,  tail  (v.), 
worm. 

lobefoot,  footed. 

lobster-tail,  -tailed. 

lobster's-claw. 

lockchest,  -down  (n.),  fast,  jaw,  man,  out,  smith, 
spit,  up,  work. 

loco;  all  one  word,  except  loco  weed. 

lodestar,  stone,  stuff. 

loft-dried. 

loftsman. 

loganberrv, 

logcock,  fish,  head,  headed,  man,  roll,  roller,  rolling, 
way,  wood,  work. 

loggerhead,  headed. 

longbeak,  beard,  bill,  boat,  -distance  (a.),  ear.  fin, 
hand,  head,  -headedness,  horn,  jaw,  legs,  -lining, 
-livedness,  neck,  nose,  -off,  -on,  pod,  shanks, 
shore,  shoreman,  shucks,  -sightedness,  some, 
someness,  somely  (adv.),  spun,  spur, -stop, -suffer- 
ing, -sufferance,  -tackle,  tail,  -tongue,  wall,  way, 
ways,  windedly,  -windedness,  wise,  wool,  work, 
wort;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

lookdown,  -in,  out. 

looker-on . 

looking-glass. 

loophole,  holed,  light,  work. 

loose-bodied,  -jointed,  strife,  -tongued. 

lop-ear,  -eared,  seed,  sided. 

lot-tree. 

lotus-eater,  -eating. 

loud-mouthed,  -voiced. 

loup-cervier,  -garou,  -the-dike. 

louseberry,  wort. 

love-entangle,  flower,  lace,  lock,  lorn,  -maker,  -mak- 
ing, mate,  sick,  sickness,  some,  worthy. 

loving-kindness. 

lowborn,  bred  -browed,  -dovvm,  -downer,  land, 
lander,  -lived,  -minded,  -mindedness,  -necked, 
-pressure, -spirited,  -studded,  -though ted,  -wood. 


Low-Churchism,  -Churchist,  -Churchman,  -Church- 
manship. 

lower-case  (a.,  v.),  mast  (n.),  most. 

lugmark,  sail,  worm. 

lukewarm  (a.),  warmness. 

lumberjack,  man,  some,  yard. 

lumpfish,  sucker. 

lunar-diurnal. 

lungfish,  flower,  -grown,  -sick,  worm,  wort. 

lunkhead. 

lurchline. 

lute-backed,  string. 

lying-in. 

lynx-eyed. 

lyreman,  tail,  -tailed. 

M. 

machine-made,  man. 

macro  (prefix)  -axis, -chemistry;  the  rest  one  word. 

mad-apple,  brain,  -brained,  cap,  -doctor,  -dog, 
-headed,  house,  man,  stone,  weed,  woman,  wort. 

made-up  (a.). 

magneto  (prefix)  -bell,  -dynamo,  -electric,  -elec- 
trical, -electricity;  -generator,  -instrument,  -ma- 
chine, -optic,  -optical,  -optics  (n.),  -phonograph, 
-pointer,  -printer,  -telegraph,  -telephone,  -trans- 
mitter; the  rest  one  word. 

maidservant. 

maidenhair,  head,  hood,  weed. 

mail-cheeked,  clad,  man,  -shell. 

main-gauche,  -hamper,  land,  lander,  mast,  past, 
pin,  prise,  sail,  sheet,  spring,  stay,  top,  topman. 

major-domo,  -generalcj',  -generalship. 

makebate,  -belief,  -believe,  fast,  -game,  -peace, 
-ready,  shift,  -up,  weight. 

making-up. 

maltman,  worm. 

mammato-cumulus. 

manbot,  bote,  -eater,  -eating  (a.),  -god,  handle, 
-hater,  hole,  -hunting  (a.), -killer, -of-war,  root, 
rope,  servant,  slaughter,  slayer,  slaving,  stealer, 
stealing,  stopping  (a.),  trap,  way,  weed. 

mangel-wurzel. 

mantelboard,  piece,  shelf,  tree. 

mantuamaker,  making. 

manyberry,  fold,  plies,  root,  where;  the  rest  take 
hyphen. 

maple-leaved. 

marblehead,  wood,  work;  the  rest  take  hyphen. 

Marcelwave. 

marchland,  man,  pane,  -past,  -ward. 

mare's-nest,  -tail. 

mark  weed. 

marker-off. 

marksman,  manship,  woman. 

marlberry,  pit,  stone. 

marlinspike. 

marrowbone,  fat. 

marshbunker,  -fire,  fish,  flower,  land,  man,  wort. 

maskflower. 

master-at-arms,  -key  (v.),  piece,  work,  wort. 

masthead,  house,  man. 

match-board  (v.),  -cloth,  -lined,  lock,  maker,  mak- 
ing, wood. 

matgrass,  weed. 

matter-of-fact  (a.). 

maulstick. 

mawbound  (n.),  mouth,  worm. 

maybe  (adv.),  bush,  cock,  hap,  pop,  weed. 

Maybird,  bloom,  fair,  fish  flower, fowl, pole, poling, 
thorn,  tide,  time,  wort. 

meadow-bright,  bur,  land,  sweet,  wort. 

mealberry,  man,  monger,  mouth,  -mouthed,  time. 

mealymouth,  -mouthed,  -mouthedness,  wing. 

mean-spirited,  -spiritedness,  time,  tone,  while. 

meatbird,  man. 

mechanico-chemical. 

medico  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

meetinghouse. 

merchantman. 

merestead,  stone. 

mermaid's-glove,  -head,  -purse  (plants), 
merry-andrew,  -go-round,  make,  maker,  making, 

meeting,  thought,  wing, 
mesh  work, 
messman,  mate, 
metalammonium,  organic, 
metestick. 
metergram. 

methylamine,  aniline,  anthracene,  malonic  (a.X 
sulphuric  (a.). 


104 


KULES  AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


mezzo-relievo,  -soprano,  tint,  tinter,  tinto. 

micaceo-oalcareous. 

micro  (prefix^  -erg;  the  rest  one  word. 

mid-age,  aged,  -air,  -bodjs  -brain,  -carpal,  -channel, 
-couree,  day,  -distance;  -earth,  -feather,  -field, 
-gut,  heaven,  -iron,  -kidney,  land,  -life,  -main, 
most  (adv.),  -movement,  night,  noon,  -ocean,  -off, 
-on,  -Pacific,  parent,  -point,  -position,  rash,  rib, 
ribbed,  riff,  -road,  -sea,  ship,  shipman,  -side,  -sky, 
stream,  summer,  -sun,  -term,  -tide,  watch,  -water, 
way,  week,  -wicket,  wife,  wmter,  -workings. 

middle-aged,  -class,  most,  -rate,  -sized,  weight. 

milepost,  stone. 

militiaman. 

milk-and-water  (a),  bush,  fish,  -grass,  -livered, 
maid,  man,  -sick,  sop,  sopping,  stone,  weed,  wood, 
wort. 

milky-hedge. 

mlllDoard,  dam,  -headed  (a),  house,  man,  post, 
rind,  -run,  -sixpence,  stock,  stone,  work,  wright, 
wrighting. 

miller's-thumb. 

millionfold. 

mincemeat. 

mindsight. 

mintman,  master,  wort, 

minuteman. 

mischief-maker,  -making. 

miterwort. 

mlzzenmast,  topman. 

mobcap,  capped. 

mocUbird,  -heroic,  -heroical,  -heroically. 

mockingstock. 

moldboard,  warp. 

molebut,  cast,  -catching,  -eyed,  head,  hill,  skin, 
wort. 

moneybag,  -boimd,  grubber,  grubbing,  -maker, 
-making,  -monger,  -mongering  (n.,  a.),  -quake, 
wise,  wort. 

monk-craft,  fish,  flower,  monger. 

monkey-board,  -cup,  -faced,  nut,  -pot,  -puzzle, 
-rigged,  shine,  tail,  -vine. 

monkshood. 

mono-ideism,  -ideistic;  the  rest  one  word. 

monte-acid,-jus. 

moonbeam,  bill,  blind,  blink,  calf,  creeper,  -cul- 
minating, -eye,  -eyed,  face,  faced,  fall,  fish,  flower, 
glade,  head,  light,  lighter,  lighting,  ht,  -loved, 
madness,  man,  raker,  raking  (a.),  rise,  sail,  seed, 
set,  shade,  -sheered,  shine,  shiner,  shining,  shiny, 
stone,  stricken,  struck,  wort. 

moorball,  band,  berry,  bum,  land,  lander,  pan, 
-sick,  wort. 

mooseberry,  wood. 

moot-hill,  man,  -stow,  worthy. 

mopboard,  -headed,  stick. 

moreover,  pork  (bird;. 

morning-glory,  tide. 

mossback,  -backed,  bimker,  -green,  -grown,  head, 
trooper,  wort. 

moth -eat, -eaten. 

mother-in-law.  hood,  land,  -of-pearl,  -spot,  wort, 

motley-mindea. 

moto-magnetic,  phone. 

motorcyclist,  -driven  (a.). 

mouse-colored,  -dun,  -ear,  eared,  hawk,  hole,  kin, 
tail,  trap,  web. 

mouth-blower,  -filling,  -made,  piece,  root. 

muckrake  (v.),  raker,  sweat,  weed,  worm. 

mudfish,  hole,  sill,  skipper,  stone,  sucker,  weed, 
wort. 

muddlehead,  -headed,  -headedness. 

muddy-brained,  -breast  (n.),  -headed,  -mettled. 

muffhouse,  weed,  wort,  wump. 

mulberry-faced. 

mule-jenny  (machine),  teer,  wort. 

mumble-the-peg  or  mumble-ty-i)eg, 

mummy-c-lotn. 

muscle-bound  (a.). 

muskflower,  melon,  rat,  wood. 

mutton-chop  (a.),  head,  -headed,  -legger,  wood. 

muzzle«Ioaaer,  -loading,  wood. 

N. 

nailbrush,  head,  -headed,  sick,  wort. 
namby-pamby,   -pambics,    -pambiness,   -pamby- 

ish,-pambyism. 
namesake, 
nape-crest. 


narrow-heartedness,     mindedness,     spiritedness; 

adjectives  take  hyphen. 
naso  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
navel  wort, 
naysay,  ward,  word. 

near-by  (a.),  -legged,  most,  sighted,  sightedness. 
neatgeld,  -handed,  -handedness,  herd,  herdness. 
neat's-foot  (a.). 

neckband,  cloth,  lace,  laced,  mold,  tie,  wear,  weed, 
needlebook,  bush,  case,  fish,  man,  -point  (a.), 

-pointed,  stone,  woman,  wood,  work,  worker, 
ne'er-do-well. 
neo  (prefix),  takes  hyphen  when  followed  by  cap; 

otherwise  one  word, 
nerveroot,  -shaken  (a.). 
netbraider,  fish,  maker,-  veined,  -winged,  work, 

wort, 
netsman. 

nevermore,  theless. 
newborn    (a.),  comer  (n.),  -create  (v.),  -fashioned 

(a.),    -front    (v.),    market    (n.),    -model    (v.), 

-modeler  (n.),  -name  (v.),  -namer  (n.). 
newsboy,  -letter,  man,  monger,  paper,  pajperdom, 

room, 
nickeared,  name, 
niggerfish,  head,  toe. 
night-blooming,  cap,  capped,  dress,  -eyed,  fall, 

-faring,  -fly  (n.),  -foundered,  fowl,  gown,  hawk, 

long,    mare,    shade,    shirt,    -stool,    tide,    time, 

walker,  walking,  ward. 
nlnebark,  -eyed,  fold,  holes,  -killer,  -lived,  pegs, 

pence,  penny,  pin,  pins,  score, 
ninnyhammer. 
nipplewort. 

nitro  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
no-ball,   -being,   body,   cake,   how,   way,   ways, 

where,  whither,  wise, 
nobleman,  -minded,  -mindedness,  woman, 
noghead,  headed, 
nol-pros  (v.). 
nolle-pros. 
non-ego,  -pros  (v.);   the  rest  one  word,  tinless 

followed  by  cap,  when  use  hyphen, 
nonesuch. 

noonday,  -flower,  light,  t^e,  time. 
north    (prefix)    -northeast    (a.),    -northwest  (a.), 

polar  (a.),  -seeking;  the  rest  one  word, 
northbound  (also  eastboimd,  southboimd,  west- 
bound), 
noseband,  bleed,  fish,  gay,  pinch,  smart, 
notwithstanding. 
notchblock,  board,  weed,  wing, 
notebook,  head,  worthy, 
nowadays,  anights, 
nursehound,  maid, 
nurseryman. 
nutbreaker,  -brown,  cracker,  gall,  hatch,  hook, 

jobber,  pecker,  shell,  -tapper. 


oakberry. 

oarcock,  fish,  -footed,  lock,  man,  weed. 

oarsman,  woman. 

oakcake,  meal,  seed. 

occipito-atlantal,  -atloid,  -axial,  frontal,  -frontalis 
(n.),  mastoid,  nasal,  parietal,  temporal. 

odd-come-short  (n.),  -come-shortly  (n.),  -pinnate 
(a.). 

oeil-de-boeuf  (n.),  -de-perdrix  (a.). 

off  (prefix)  -bear  (v.),  -bearer^  -chance  (n.),  -color 
(a.),  -colored,  -com  (n.),  -drive  (v.),  -fallmg  (n.), 
-glide  (n.),  -go  (n.).  -going  (n.),  -handed,  -nancl- 
edly,  -handedness,  -hitting,  -load,  -lying,  -put  (n.) , 
-putter  (n.),  -reckoning  (n.),  -white  (a.);  the  rest 
one  word. 

officeholder. 

oftentimes. 

ofttimes. 

ohmammeter,  meter. 

oilcoat,  cloth,  fish,  man,  paper,  seed,  skin,  skinned 
(a.),  stock,  stone,  -temper  (v.),  -tempered  (v.), 
-tempering  (v.),  -tight  (a.),  -tightness,  -tongued 
(a.),  wav. 

old  (prefix)  -fangled,  -fashion  (a.),  -fashioned, 
-gentlemanly,  -Ime  (a.),  -maidish,  -soldier  (v.), 
-time  (a.),  -timer,  wife  (fish),  -wifely,  -wifish, 
womanish,  -womanly,  -world  (a.). 


olive-backed,  -colored,  wood 

olla-podrida. 

omnl  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

omnium-gatherum . 


VOCABULARY  OF  DOUBLE  WORDS. 


105 


onoome,  -coming,  cost,  drive  (v.),  fall,  flow,  -go, 
going  (a.), -hanger,  -hit  (v.),  lay  (v.),  look,  looker, 
looking,  rush,  rushing,  set,  setter,  -shore,  -side 
(a.),  slaught,  stead  (n.),  to,  ward. 

oneself,  -sidedly,  -sidedness,  -two  (n.),  -two-three 
(n.);  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

onionskin  (paper). 

only-begotten  (a.). 

open-airishness,  -aimess,  band  (a.),  bill  (bird),  cast, 
-handedly,  -handedness,  -heartedly,  -hearted- 
ness,  -mindedness,  -mouthedness,  work,  -working. 

operameter. 

Orangeman,  leaf,  -leaf  (a.),  -peel  (a.),  -root. 

orang-utan. 

orchardman. 

organ-piano. 

othergates  (adv.),  guise,  ness  (n.),  -self,  where, 
while,  whither,  wise,  world  (a.),  worldliness, 
worldly. 

out-and-out,-and-outer,  bearing  (n.),  -book, -clearer, 
-patient,-starter;  the  rest  one  word,  unless  followed 
by  cap;  or,  adjectively,  by  "of,"  in  which  case  use 
hyphen. 

ovate  (prefix);  aU  take  hyphen. 

ovenbird,  peel,  stone,  wood. 

over-all  (a.),  -arm, -belief, -sea  (a.), -sparred  (a.);  the 
rest  one  word. 

owl-eyed,  glass,  head,  light,  -wide. 

oxbane,  berry,  bird,  biter,  boy,  bow,  brake,  cart, 
cheek,  -eyed,  fly,  -foot  (a.),  gang,  goad,  harrow, 
head,  heal,  heart,  hide,  hoft,  horn,  house,  like, 
man,  pecker,  shoe,  tail,  tongue. 

oysterbird,  -green,  house,  man,  -shell  (a.). 


paceboard,  maker,  making. 

packhouse,  man,  saddle,  staff,  thread,  ware,  wax, 

wav. 
paddleflsh,  wood, 
padlock,  nag. 

painstaker,  taking,  worthy. 
paintbrush,  root,  work, 
pair-oar  (n),  -oared,  wise. 
paleface,  -faced, 
pallbearer,  holder,  -mall. 
palmi  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
paly-bendy  (a.). 
pan  (prefix);  all  one  word,  tml ess  followed  by  cap, 

when  use  hyphen,  except  Pan  American  and  pan 

fish, 
panelwork. 
panicmonger,  -mongering,  -strike  (v.),  -stricken, 

-struck, 
pannierman. 
pantryman, 
papboat. 

paperbark,  -boy,  -chasing,  mouth  (fish),  shelled, 
papier-mach^. 

para-anaesthesia;  the  rest  one  word. 
parrotbeak,  bill,  -toed. 
parrot's-bill,  -feather  (plants), 
parti-coated,  -colored, -membered, -mortgage  (n.), 

-mortgaged,  -named, 
party-coated,  -colored,  -striped,  -walled, 
passageway, 
passer-by. 

pass-key,  man,  over,  port,  woman,  word,  wort. 
passiontide,  wort, 
past-due  (a.), 
pasteboard,  -down. 
pat-a-cake. 
patchwise,  work. 

paterfamilias  (n.),  familiar  (a.),  noster. 
pathfinder,  way. 
patrolman, 
pattypan. 

pawnbroker,  broking,  shop, 
paymaster,  mistress. 
peaberry,   bird,    chick,   -coat,   cock,   fowl,   hen, 

-jacket,  nut,  stone, 
peacebreaker,  breaking,  maker,  making,  monger, 

mongering  (a.), 
peachblow  (but  peach  blow  referring  to  bloom), 

-colored,  wort. 
pearlash,  berrj'^,  bush,  -eyed,  fruit,  stone,  weed, 

wort, 
pearmonger. 
peat  wood, 
peau-d'orange  (a.). 


pebble-hearted,  stone,  ware. 

peelhouse. 

pe.en-to. 

peephole. 

pelican's-foot  (shell). 

pell-mell. 

pencraft,    dragon,    dragonish,    dragonship,    fish, 

gun,  holder,   knife,   man,  master,  rack,  stock, 

trough,  wiper,  woman. 
penny-a-line  (a.),  -a-liner,  cress,  leaf,  rot,  royal, 

stone,  weight,  -wise,  wort,  worth, 
penthouse, 
pepper-and-salt,   box,    corn,    grass,    mint,   root, 

weed,  wood,  wort, 
pepsinhydrochloric  (a.). 
peri  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
pesthole,  house. 
petei-sham,  wort. 
petro  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
phienylacetamide,    acetic,    amide,    amine,    boric, 

glj'colic,  glyoxylic,  hydrazine,  methane. 
phono  (prenx);  all  one  word. 
phospho  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
photo    (prefix)   -electric,   -electrical,   -electricity, 

-electrograph,  -electrotype,  -engrave,  -engraver, 

-engraving,  -epinasty,  -epinastic,  -epinastically, 

-etch,  -etched,  -etching;  the  rest  one  word. 
phyllo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
phylo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
physico    (prefix)    -mathematics,    -mathematical, 

-ph  ilosophy , -philosophical  ,-theology,-theological, 

-theoloijist;  the  rest  one  word, 
pianoforte, 
pickaback,  ax,  back,  lock,  man,  maw,  -me-up, 

pocket,  thank,  -up. 
picker-up. 

pickle-herring,  weed,  worm, 
piebald,  -mag,  plant,  poudre. 
piecemeal,  work,  worker, 
pied-winged  (a.). 
pierhead, 
pierre-perdu. 
plezo  (prefix)  -electric,  -electricity;  the  rest  one 

word. 
piR-back  (v.),  -eyed,  face,  -faced,  fish,  foot,  head, 

-headed,  -headedly,  -headedness,  herd,  -jawed, 

-jump  (v.), -jumper, maker, nut, pen,  root, sconce, 

skin,  stick  rv.),  sticker,  sticking,  sty,  tail,  -tailed, 

wash,  weed, 
pigeon-breasted, -hearted,  hole,  holer,  -toed,  weed, 

wing,  wood, 
pigeon's-blood. 
pikeman,  staff. 
pile  work,  worm,  wort. 
plllowbere,  case, 
pinball,  -borer,  case,  cushion,  -eyed,  fallow,  feather, 

featherer,  -fire,  fish,  flat,  fold,  head,  -headed, 

hold,  hole,  rail,  tail, -tailed, -toed,  weed,wheel  (v.), 

work  (n.),  -work  (v.),  worm, 
pince-nez. 

pinchbeck,  cock,  fist,  fisted, 
pineapple,  house,  land,  weed, 
ping-pong. 

pink-eyed,  -sterned,  weed,  wort. 
pipe-clay  (v.),  -clayey,  -clayish,  fish,  layer,  laying, 

-lino  (v.),  man,  stem,  stone,  vine,  worm, 
pissabed,  asphalt. 
pistolgram,  graph,  -proof, 
pitapat,  bird,  fall,  -headed,  -hole  (n.),  man,  pan 

(boat),  work  (mining), 
pitchblende, -faced,  fork,  -plaster  (v.), stone, work 

(mining), 
pitter-patter. 

place-kick  (v.),  -kicker,  man,  woman. 
plalnback  (fabric),  -spoken,  -spokenness,  tail;  ad- 
jectives take  hyphen, 
plainsman. 

plane-polarized,  table  (n.),  -table  (v.),  -tabler. 
planet-stricken,  -struck. 
plank-sheer  (n.),  ways, 
plano-concave,   -convex,   -horizontal^   -orbicular, 

-subulate;  the  rest  one  word, 
plantsman. 
plasterwork. 
platband. 

plateband,  fish,  -glazed,  -roll  (v.),  way. 
platterface,  -faced. 
play  (prefix);  all  one  word,  except  play  boy,  play 

club,  play  pipe,  play  right. 
plein-air  (a.),  -airist. 


106 


BULES  AND  STYLE  OF   COMPOSITION. 


pleuro  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

plot-proof. 

plow  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

piu^rman,  tray,  -ugly  (n.). 

plutomania. 

pneumato  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

pneumo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

pockhouse,  mark,  -marked,  -pit  (v.),  wood. 

pocketbook,  knife. 

point-blank,  -device,  -to-point. 

pointsman. 

poisonberry,  wood. 

poke  berry,  -bonneted,  root,  weed. 

poleax,  axer^burn,  cat,  man,  star,  wig. 

policyholder. 

poll-evil  (n.). 

pondbush,  fish,  weed,  wort. 

pooh-pooh. 

poorhouse,  -spirited,  spiritedness. 

popeye,  gun,  -over  (n.). 

poppy-cock,  head. 

portofish. 

portcrayon,  cuUis,  folio,  hole,  hook,  man,  manteau, 
-mouthed,  reeve,  -vent,  way. 

porte-bonheur,-caustique,  -coch6re,  -crayon,feuille, 
-lumi^re,  monnaie. 

porterhouse. 

post  (prefix)  -free  (a.),  -mortem,  -obit,  -office  (a.), 
-season,  -temporal,  -tonic,  -traumatic,  -treaty, 
-tympanic;  the  rest  one  word  (unless  followed  by 
cap,  when  use  hyphen),  except  post  auger,  i)ost 
bag,  post  bellum,  post  boat,  jwst  box,  post  cap- 
tain, post  car,  post  card,  post  cedar,  i)ost  chaise, 
post  chariot,  post  coach,  post  croker,  post  day, 
post  flag,  post  horn,  ix)st  horse,  post  letter,  piost 
mill,  post  note,  post  oak,  i)ost  office,  post  roads, 
post  route,  post  town,  post  trader,  post  truss. 

potale,  ash,  -au-feu,  -bellied,  -belly,  boil,  boiler, 
-bound,  boy,  -girl,  hanger,  herb,  hole,  hook, 
hookery, house,  hunter,  hunting,  latch,  -lead  (v.), 
leg,  lid,  luck,  man,  pie,  pourri,  sherd,  stone, 
-valiant,  -valiance,  -valiancy,  -valiantly,  val- 
iantry,  -valor,  waller,  walling,  -walloper, 
-walloping,  ware,  work. 

poult-de-soie. 

poundcake,  -folly,  -foolish,  -foot,  keeper,  man, 
master,  stone,  -worth  (n.). 

pourboire.  parler,  point. 

pousse-cafe. 

poverty-.stricken  (a.),  weed. 

powder-blue,  flask,  horn,  mill,  -posted. 

powwow. 

praiseworthily,  worthiness,  worthy. 

pre  (prefix);  all  one  word,  unless  followed  by  cap, 
when  use  hyphen. 

pressboard,  man,  mark,  pack,  room,  work. 

pretty  face,  -pretty. 

prick-eared,  -foot,  punch,  spur,  wood. 

pricking-up  (n.). 

priestcraft,  -rid,  -ridden. 

princewood. 

prince 's-feather  (plant). 

printing-out  (a.). 

prittle-prattle. 

privateersman. 

pro  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

probe-pointed. 

prompt-book. 

prongbuck,  horn. 

proof-proof  (a.). 

proto  (prefix);  all  one  word,  unless  followed  by 
cap,  when  use  hyphen. 

pseudo-apoplexy,  -aquatic,  -archaic,  -arthrosis, 
-axis,  -erysipelas,  -malachite,  -monocotyledonous; 
the  rest  one  word,  unless  followed  by  cap,  when 
use  hyphen. 

psycho  (prefix)  -biology;  the  rest  one  word. 

public  (prefix);  all  take  hyphen. 

puckball,  fist,  needle. 

puckermouth. 

puddin^head,  -headed. 

puddle-ball,  -bar. 

puffball,  -leg  (bird). 

pug-nosed. 

pullback,  devil,  down  (music),  -off  (gun). 

puller-in,  -out. 

pulling-out. 

pulpboard. 

puntabout,  -out. 

puppetman,  master. 

purpleheart,  lip,  wood,  wort  (plants). 


purse-proud  (a.). 

pushcart,  pin. 

putlog,  -oft,  -out,  -up. 

putter-on,  -out. 

puttyroot. 

puzzlehead,  -headed,  -headedness,  -monkey. 

pye-dog. 

pygmyweed. 

pyx-jury. 

Q. 

quacksalve,  salver. 

quagmire. 

quarry-faced,  man,  -rid  (n.). 

quarter-angled,  -boards,  -bound  (binding),  -cast 
(a.),  -cleft  (a.,  n.),  -cut,  -deck,  -decker,  -fishes, 
-hollow,  man,  master  (n.,v.),  pace, -phase  (a.), 
-pierced,  -pointed,  -saw,  -sawn,  -sawed,  -sawing, 
staff,  stretch,  -vine. 

quartermaster;  official  names  all  two  words. 

quater-centenary,  -tenses. 

queenfish,  hood,  -post  (n.),  root,  weed,  wood. 

queen's-bahn,  -berry,  -delight,  -flower,  -gilliflower, 
-herb,  -lily,  -needlewort,  -root. 

quickbeam,  -fire,  -firing,  foot  (adv.),  hatch,  lime, 
sand,  set,  -sighted,  -sightedness,  silver  (n.,  v.), 
step  (music),  thorn,  -witted,  -wittedness,  work 
(nautical). 

qulllback  (fish),  tail,  work,  wort. 

quincewort. 

quinsy  wort. 

quintuple-nerved  (botany),  -ribbed  (botany). 

quirewise. 

quitclaim  (n.,  v.),  rent. 


rabbit-ear  (faucet),  mouth  (fish),  -mouthed,  root, 

wood, 
race-about  (boat),  way. 
rackabones,  arock,  board  (organ),  -lashing,  master, 

-o'-bones,  -rent  (n.,  v.)  -renter,  way,  work,  yard, 
radiate- veined  (botany). 
radio  (prefix)  -lead;  the  rest  one  word, 
raftsman, 
ragamuffin, 
ragman,  picker,  shag,  stone,  tag,  time,  weed,  work, 

wort, 
railbird,  head,  road,  roader,  roading,  way. 
rainband,  bow,  coat,  drop,  fall,  -proof  (a.),  storm, 

-tight,  wash, 
rakehell  (a.),  -off. 

ramline  (nautical),  pick,  race,  rod,  shackle, 
ram's-head,  -horn, 
ranchman, 
ran-tan. 


rap-full  (n.,  nautical). 

rapid-fire  (a.),  -firer,  -firing. 

rarebit,  ripe. 

raree-show. 

raspberry,  -pod. 

rat-a-tat,  fish,  line,  -tail,  -tailed. 

ratsbane. 

rat's-tail  (n.). 

ratepayer,  paying. 

rattlebag,  -bones,  box,  brain,  -brained,  bush,  head, 
-headed,  nut,  pate,  -pated,  ran,  root,  skull, 
-skulled,  snake,  trap,  weed,  wort. 

rattlesnake-root,  -weed. 

raven's-duck. 

rawboned,  head,  hide. 

razorback,  -backed,  bill,  -billed. 

razzle-dazzle, 

re  (prefix  for  again)  -act,  -ally,  -collect,  -cover, 
-create,  -creation,  -creative,  -dress,  -form,  -forma- 
tion, -lease,  -mark,  -present,  -presentation,  -press, 
-probate,  -search,  -serve,  -sign,  -solve,  -sound, 
-store,  -strain,  -treat,  -turn;  the  rest  one  word. 

ready-made  (a.,  n.),  -witted,  -wittedness. 

rear-horse,  most,  mouse,  ward. 

recto-coccvgeal,  -colonic;  the  rest  one  word. 

redback,  -backed,  beard,  belly,  -bellied,  berry,  bill. 


-billed,  bird,  breast,  -breasted,  bud,  buck,  caj 

coat,  -crested,  eve,  -eyed,  -figured,  finch,  fis.., 

-footed,  -hand,  -handed,  -hard,  -hardened  (v.). 


:E: 


-hardness,  -hat,  head,  -headed,  hoop,  -hot,  leg, 
-legged,  -letter,  mouth,  -necked,  poll,  root,  shank, 
shirt,  -short,  -shouldered,  skin,  start,  streak,  tail, 
-tailed,  -tape  (a.),  -taped,  -taper,  -tapery,  -tapish, 
-tapism,  -tapist,  tliroat,  top,  ware  (weed),  wing 
-winged,  wood. 


VOCABULAKY   OF   DOUBLE   WOKDS. 


107 


reedbird,  buck,  work. 

remainderman. 

rendrock. 

resino-electric. 

rest-harrow,  house. 

return-ball,  -cocked. 

rez-de-chauss6e. 

rhlnestone. 

rhodeswood. 

rhomboid-ovate. 

rib-band  (v.),  roast,  wort. 

ribbonback  (n.),-back  (a.),  weed,  wood. 

rlceblrd. 

rich  weed. 

rickrack,  staddle,  stand,  stick,  yard. 

rldgeband,  piece,  plate,  pole,  rope. 

riflraff. 

rlflebird,  fish,  man. 

rift-sawed,  -sawing. 

right  (prefix) -about  (n.),  -hand  (a.),  -bander  (n.), 
-handedness,  -mindedness,  ward,  wise,  wisely, 
wiseness;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

rimbase,  -fire  (a.). 

rinderpest. 

ring-around,  bark  (v.),  bill,  -billed,  bird,  bolt,  bone, 
dove,  eye,  -fence  (v.),  head,  leader,  master,  neck, 
-necked,  -porous,  -rope,  sail,  -small,  -straked, 
-streaked,  tail,  -tailed,  taw,  toss,  wise  (adv.), 
worm. 

riprap  (masonry),  -rap  (fireworks),  sack,  saw. 

riverhead,  man,  side,  weed. 

rix-doUar. 

roach-backed  (n.). 

roadbed,  man,  master,  side,  stead,  stones,  way, 
weed,  worthy. 

robe-de-chambre. 

robin's-plantain. 

rockaway.  -bottom,  -bound,  -faced,  fish,  foil,  hair, 
rose,  shaft,  staff,  weed,  wood,  work. 

rocking-chair,  -horse. 

rodman,  wood. 

roebuck,  stone. 

rollback  (n.),  -cumulus,  -top,  way. 

rolleyway. 

rolling-pin. 

roly-poly. 

rooftree. 

roommate. 

rootcap,  -mean-square,  stock,  worm. 

ropeband,  bark,  dancer,  dancing,  maker,  walk, 
walker,  way,  work. 

rope's-end  (v.). 

rose-a-rubv,  bay,  bit,  -breasted,  bud,  bush,  -col- 
ored, -cut  (a.),  drop,  fish,  head,  -pink  (a.),  -red 
(a.),  -ringed,  root,  -water  (a.),  wood,  wort. 

rotten-egg  (v.),  stone. 

rough-bore  (v.),  cast  (n.,  v.),  caster,  -coat,  draw, 
dress  (v.),  dry,  -grind,  head,  hew,  hewer,  -house, 
-leaved,  leg,  -legged,  -plane  (v.),  -point  (v.),  rider, 
scuff,  setter,  shod,  slant,  -stone  (v.),  string,  -stuff, 
-tailed,  -winged,  work  (v.),  wrought. 

roughing-in. 

roundabout,  -arm  (a.),  fish,  headed,  headedness, 
house,  -iron,  line,  ridge  (v.),  -shouldered,  tail,  top, 
-up,  wood,  worm. 

roundsman. 

roustabout. 

rowboat,  lock,  port. 

rowelhead. 

rubberneck  (n.,  v.),  stone. 

rubblestone,  work. 

rubstone. 

rubytail,  -tailed,  throat,  -throated. 

rudderhead,  hole,  post,  stock. 

rule-monger. 

rumpad,  padder,  pade  (v.),  puncheon,  swizzle. 

rump-fed,  scuttle. 

runabout,  agate,  around,  away,  board,  by,  dale,  fish, 
holder,  -off, -on  (p.  a.), -over,  round, -through,  way. 

runner-up. 

rush-CTOwn,  light,  like,  -nut. 

rustproof. 

rutabaga. 

S. 

saberbill, -legged,  -toothed',  wing. 

sackcloth,  clothed,  -doodle  (v.). 

saddleback,  -backed,  bag  (n.,  v.),  -billed  (bird), 

bow,  cloth,  -graft  (v.),  leaf,  nose,  -shai)€d,  tree, 

wise, 
sadiron. 


safe-conduct  (n.,  v.),  guard  (n.,  v.),  -keeping, 
-pledge  (n.). 

sagebrush,  bush,  rose,  wood. 

saUboat,  cloth,  fish,  maker. 

sailorman. 

saleslady,  man,  manship,  room,  woman. 

sale  work,  yard. 

salmon  berry. 

saltbush,  cellar,  -master,  peter,  spoon,  weed,  wort. 

salverform,  -shaped. 

sandalwood. 

sandbag  (n.,  v.),  bagger,  -blast  (v.),  -blind, -blind- 
ness, -burned,  fish,  -hiller,  -lot  (a.),  man,  paper 
(n.,  v.),  peep,  piper, rock,  shoe,  stone,  weed,  weld, 
wood,  worm,  wort. 

sang-froid. 

saphead,  -headed,  sucker,  wood. 

satin  wood. 

saucebox,  pan. 

save-all  (n.). 

sawback,  -billed,  buck,  dust,  fish,  fly,  horse,  mill, 
-toothed,  wort,  -wrest. 

saxcornet,  horn,  ophone,  otromba,  -tuba,  -valve. 

scaldberry, fish,  weed. 

scalebeam,  board,  fish,  pan,  work. 

scaly-winged . 

scapegallows,  goat,  grace,  -wheel. 

scarecrow. 

scarf  pin,  skin,  wise. 

scatterbrain,  brained. 

sceneshifter. 

scent  wood. 

schoolbook,  boy,  craft,  dame,  fellow,  girl,  house, 
maid,  man,  master,  mate,  mistress,  room, -teacher, 
-teaching,  time,  ward. 

scot-free  (a.). 

scotch-hopper. 

scrapbook. 

scratchboard,  brush,  card,  weed,  work. 

screenman. 

scrollhead,  work. 

scrubboard,  grass,  land,  wood, 

scytheman,  stone. 

seabeach,  board,  -bom  (a.),  bound,  coast,  farer, 
farine,folk,girt(a.),going,-green(a.),-island(a.), 
man,^  mark,  piece,  port,  quake,  scape,  shore, 
sick,  sickness,  side,  ward,  way,  weed,  worthy, 
worthiness. 

seal-brown  (a.),  skin,  wort. 

searchlight. 

second-class  (a.),  -foot,  hand  (a.),  -rate,  -sight, 
-sighted. 

seesaw. 

seedbird,  cake,  -lac  (n.),  time. 

seedsman. 

seek-no-further  ( f ru  1 1 ) . 

seerband,  fish,  hand,  paw,  sucker. 

selectman. 

self  (prefix)  same,  sameness;  the  rest  take  hyphen. 

semi  (prefix)  -incandescent, -independence^ -inde- 
pendent ,  -in durated ,  -i nertness ,  -infi ni te,  -inhibi- 
tion, -ironical,  -water  gas;  the  rest  one  word  ex- 
cept where  followed  by  cap,  when  use  hyphen. 

series- wound  (a.). 

serio-comic,  -comical,  -comically. 

sero  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

serpent  wood. 

serpent's-tongue  (n.). 

serrate-ciliate,  -dentate. 

servo-motor  (n.). 

sesqui  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

setback,  bolt, -down (n.), -fair  (n.),-ofl,-out,  -over, 
-stitched,  -to, -up,  work. 

setter-grass,  wort. 

sevenbark,  fold,  score,  -shooter,  -up. 

sextodecimo. 

shadberry,  bird,  bush,  fiower. 

shade  tail. 

shagbark,  -rag. 

shakedown,  fork,  proof,  -up. 

shallow  (prefix);  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

shamefaced,  flower,  -proof,  worthy. 

shard-bome. 

sharebeam,  bone,  broker,  holder. 

sharp-cut,  -shinned,  shooter,  shooting,  -sighted^ 
-sightedness,  -tailed,  -witted. 

shatterbrain,  -brained. 

sheargrass,  hog,  man,  mouse. 

sheatfish. 

sheathbill,  -winged 


108 


RULES  AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


she-balsam,  -beech,  -oak,  -pine. 

sheepberry,  bush,  -faced,  fold,  -headed,  hook, 
-kneed,  man,  master,  shank,  shearer,  shearing, 
-sick  (a.),  skin,  split,  walk,  walker. 

sheepshead  (fish). 

sheep's-bane,  -beard,  -foot  (printing),  -parsley, 
-scabious,  -sorrel. 

sheetwise,  -pile  (v.),  work. 

shellbark,  fish,  man,  proof,  work,  worker. 

shield-shaped,  tail. 

shillingsworth. 

shillyshallier,  -shally. 

shinglewood. 

shinleaf,  plaster. 

shipboard,  boimd,  builder,  building,  holder,  -lap, 
load,  master,  mate,  owner,  -rigged,  shape,  way, 
worm,  wreck,  wright,  yard. 

shiver-spar. 

shock-dog,  -head,  -headed. 

shoebird,  black,  horn,  maker,  making,  pack,  -tree. 

shop  (prefix);  all  one  word,  except  shop  paper. 

shoreweed. 

shortbread,  cake,  -circuit  (v.),  coming,  hand, 
-handed  (a.),  hander,  horn,  -homed  (a.),  -shucks 
(n.),  sighted,  stop,  -wool;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

shotbush,  gim,  -ice,  -proof. 

shoiilder-clapper,  -shotten. 

shovelbill,  board,  fish,  head,  nose,  -nosed,  -penny. 

show-down,  man,  room,  -up. 

shrewmouse,  struck. 

shrill-edged,  -tongued. 

shroud-laid. 

Shrovetide. 

shuffleboard,  wing. 

shutdown,  -in,  -off,  -out. 

shuttlecock,  wise,  woiond. 

sicklebill,  -billed,  -hocked,  man,  pod,  wort. 

sideboard,  bone,  flash,  hill,  -line  (v.),  liner,  long, 
piece,  saddle,  shake,  -slip  (v.),  -spUtting,  -step 
(v.),  -taking  (n.),  track,  walk,  ward,  way,  ways, 
-wheel,  -wheeler,  winder,  wipe,  wiper,  wise. 

siegework. 

sighthole,  proof,  -seeing,  -seer,  worthy. 

signalman. 

signboard,  post. 

sllkman,  -stocldng  (a.),  tail,  weed,  wood,  worm. 

silverback,  beater,  belly,  berry,  bill,  -black  (a.), 
boom,  fish,  -gray  (a.,  n.),  -haired,  -leaf,  -leaved, 
smith,  top,  vine,  ware,  weed,  wood,  work. 

simon-pure. 

simple-faced,  -hearted,  -minded,  -mindedness. 

sinew-shrimk  (a.). 

sing-sing,  song. 

single-action,  bar,  -driver,  -foot,  -loader,  -phaser, 
stick,  -sticker,  ton,  tree;  adjectives  take  hy- 
phen. 

stnkbox,  room,  stone. 

sister-in-law. 


six-cut,  fold,  -footer,  pence,  penny,  score,  -shooter. 

sketchbook. 

skewback,  bald,  whiff,  wise. 

skldpan,  proof,  way. 

skill-less,  wise. 

skimback. 

sklnbound,  -deep,  -flint. 

skipjack. 

skullbanker,  cap,  fish. 

skunkbill,  head,  top,  weed. 

sky-blue,  -clad,  gazer,  -high,  lark,  larking,  light, 

-planted,  rocket,  sail,  scape,  scraper,  ward, 
slab-sided,  stone, 
slack-salted,  -water  (v.). 
slam-bang. 

slang-whang  (v.),  -whanger  (n.). 
slap-bang,  dash,  jack,  -up. 
slash-grain, 
slate-color,  -colored. 
slaughterhouse,  man. 
slavebom.  -grown,  holder,  holding. 
sleep-waker,  waking,  walker,  walking,  wort, 
sleepyhead, 
sleuthhound. 
slickenside. 
slideway,  -wire. 

sUpboard,  knot,  -on,  -sheet  (v.),  shod,  slop,  way. 
slipperwort. 
sllt-eycd,  shell. 
sloop-rigged, 
slop-bmlt,    dash, 

worker. 


-molded,    seller,    shop,    work. 


-blind,  -bound,  break, 
down,  drift,  drop,  fall, 
shed,  shoe. 


slow-burning,  -down,  -witted,  worm, 
slungbody. 
slyboots. 

smallclothes,  pox,  sword, 
smartweed. 
smear  case, 
smell-feast,  -less, 
smithcraft, 
smock-faced. 

smoke-dry,  house,  jack,  stack,  stone,  wood;  adjec- 
tives take  hyphen. 
smoothbore,  -bored,  -chinned,  -faced,  -spoken, 

-tongued. 
snaggle-tooth,  -toothed, 
snallfish,  flower,  paced, 
snakeberry,  bird,  fish,  head,  mouth,  neck,  piece, 

root,  stone,  weed,  wood,  worm,  wort, 
snake's-beard,  -head,  -mouth,  -tongue  (plants), 
snap-back,  dragon,  jack,  shot,  -shooter,  -shooting, 

weed,  wort, 
snapper-back, 
sneeze  weed,  wood,  wort, 
snipebill,  fish,  -nosed, 
snip-snap, 
snowball,    berry,    bird, 

-broth,  bush,  cap,  craft, 

flake,  flight,  flower,   plow,    scape, 

shoer,  slide,  slip,  storm,  -white  (a.), 
snub-nosed, 
snuffbox. 

so-and-so,  -called  (a.),  so. 
soapbark,  berry,  bush,  -fast,  fish,  rack,  root,  stone, 

suds,  wood,  wort, 
sober-minded,  -mindedness,  sides, 
soft-bone,  -finned,  -headed,  -hearted,  -heartedly, 

-heartedness,  horn,  rayed,  -shell,  -spoken,  -tack, 

wood, 
soi-disant. 
soldierwood. 
soleplate. 
sol-fa,  -faist. 

solid-drawn,  -hoofed,  -horned,  ungular,  ungulate. 
some  (prefix);  all  one  word, except  when  followed 

by  a  vowel,  in  which  case  two  words, 
son-in-law. 

songbook,  craft,  man. 
soothfast,  say,  sayer,  saying, 
sorehead,  -eyed, 
soimdproof. 
soupe-maigre. 

sourcake,  dook,  kit,  sop,  weed,  wood. 
south  (prefix)  -seeking,   -southeast, 

-southwest;  the  rest  one  word, 
southbound  (also  eastboimd,  northbound,  south- 

boimd). 
southernmost,  wood  (tree). 
sowback,  bane,  belly,  -gelder. 
spadebone,  fish,  foot, 
span-cotmter,  -dog,  -new,  piece,  worm, 
sparer  ib. 

sparhawk,  piece. 
sparrowgrass,  tongue,  wort, 
spatterdash,  -dashed,  -dock,  work, 
speak-easy. 

spearfish,  head,  man,  mint,  wood,  wort, 
specklebelly. 
speckled-bill  (n.). 
spectro  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
speechcraft. 
speedway,  well. 
spellbina,  binder,  bound,  work. 
spendall,  thrift,  thrifty, 
splceberry,  bush,  wood, 
spick-and-span,  -and-span-new,  -span-new. 
spiderflower,  work,  wort, 
spikebill,  -kill,  horn,  nard,  nose,  tail,  wise, 
spileworm. 

spindle-legged,  legs,  -shanked,  shanks,  tail,  -tailed, 
splnebill,  tail,  -tailed, 
splny-finned,  -rayed, 
spirepole. 

splrltual-minded,  -mindedness. 
spltball,  box,  fire,  -stick,  -sticker, 
spitchcock. 
splashboard. 
splatterdash,  -faced, 
splayfoot,  footed,  mouth,  mouthed, 
spleenwort. 
splintwood. 

splitbeak,  finger,  fruit,  mouth,  saw,  -tail,  worm. 
spoilflve,  sport. 


-southerly, 


VOCABULARY  OF  DOUBLE  WORDS. 


109 


-food, 


-headed,    -jointed, 
tail,  -toed,  -toes. 


spoilsman,  monger. 

spokeshave. 

spokesman,  woman. 

spongewood. 

spoonbill,  -billed,  drift,  -fasiiion,   flower, 

hutch,  -meat,  ways,  wood,  wort, 
sportsman,  woman, 
spot-barred, 
sprayboard. 
spread-eagle, 
sprig-bit,  tail. 
springant,  board,  bok,  finger,  fish,  halt,  head 

-headed,  tail,  tide,  time,  worm,  wort. 
spritsail,  -tail. 

spurflower,  gall,  -heeled,  wing,  -winged,  wort, 
spurnwater. 
spyboat,  glass, 
square-built,    flipper,    head, 

-rigged,  -rigger,  -set  (mining) 
squawberry,  fish,  root,  weed. 
squint-eyed, 
stableboy,  man,  stand, 
stackfreed,  stand, 
staff-herd,  man. 

stagbush,  -evil,  -headed,  horn,  -horned,  hound, 
stagecoach,  craft,  house,  -struck, 
staggerbush,  weed,  wort, 
staircase,  head,  way. 
stakehead,  holder. 
stalemate, 
stalk-eyed, 
stalking-horse, 
stall-feed,  man. 
stampsman. 
stand-by,  -off,  -offish,  -offishness,  patter,  pattism, 

pipe,  point,  post,  still,  -up. 
standard-wing. 
stander-by,  grass,  wort, 
star-blind,  board,  bush,  craft,  finch,  fish,  fruit, 

-gauge,  gaze,  gazer,  gazing,  light,  lit,  monger,  nose, 

-nosed,  -proof,  shine,   shoot,   -spangled,   stone, 

throat,  wort, 
stark-naked. 

statecraft,  house,  monger,  -owned,  room, 
statesman,  woman, 
stavesacre. 
stavewood. 

stay  lace,  -plow,  sail,  ship, 
steadfast,  fastly,  fastness, 
steamboat,  -cut  (v.),  boating,  -jacket  (v.),  ship, 

-tight,  -tightness, 
steeihead,  work,  yard, 
steepgrass,  weed,  wort. 
steeplechase,  chaser,  chasing,  -crowned, 
steerageway. 
steersman. 

stem-clasping,  -winder,  -winding, 
stepbrother,  child,  dame,  daughter,  -down  (a.), 

father,  ladder,  mother,  motherly,  -parent,  sister, 

son,  stone,  -up  (a.), 
stepping-stone. 
stereo  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
sternforemost,  most,  post,  ward,  way,  -wheeler, 
stewpan,  pot. 
stichwort. 
stickleback,  -run, 
stickseed,  tail,  tight,  weed. 

stiff  (prefix)  -neckedness,  tail;  adjectives  take  hy- 
phen, 
stillbirth,  born,  -burn,  fish  (v.),  fisher,  house,  -hunt, 

room, 
stlngbull,  fish,  tail, 
stinkball,  berry,  bird,  bug,  bush,  horn,  pot,  stone, 

weed,  wood,  wort, 
stitchbird,  wort, 
stock-blind,  broker,  broking,  dove,  fish,  holder, 

jobber,  jobbing,  man,  -still,  stone,  work,  yard, 
stokehold,  hole, 
stonebird,  bow,  brash,  break,  cast,  chat,  cray, 

crop,  cutter,  cutting,  gall,  hand,  hatch,  head, 

henge,  man,  mason,  pecker,  seed,  shot,  smatch, 

smith,  wall  (v.),  waller,  ware,  weed,  wood,  work, 

wort,  yard;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
stopcock,  -gap,  hound, -off, -open  (phonetics),  -over, 

water, 
storehouse,  keeper,  keeping,  man,  master,  room, 

ship, 
stork-billed, 
stork's-bill. 
atormcock,  -proof,  ward,  wind. 


storybook,  -teller,  -telling,  -writer. 

stout-hearted,  -heartedness. 

stovehouse,  pipe. 

stowaway,  -boating,  bord,  down,  -net,  -wood. 

straddlebug,  -legged,  wise. 

straggle- tooth. 

straightaway,  -cut,  edge,  forward,  forwardly,  for- 
wardness, -line  (a.),  -out,  -pull,  -spoken,  way 
(a.  or  adv.). 

strait-jacket,  -laced,  lacing,  -waistcoat,  work. 

strap-laid,  -shaped,  work,  wort. 

strathspey. 

strato-cirrus,  -cumulus. 

straw-bass,  berry,  board,  -colored,  mote,  -necked, 
small,  smear,  worm. 

streetwalker,  walking,  ward,  way. 

strike-out  (n.). 

stringboard,  course,  halt,  piece,  wood. 

stringybark  (n.). 

strip-leaf. 

strokehall. 

strokesman. 

strongbark,  hand,  hold,  -mindedly,  -mlndedness, 
-water;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

stub-bred. 

stuccowork,  worker. 

stuck-up. 

studbook,  fish,  flower,  horse,  mare,  -pink. 

stumbllngblock,  stone. 

stump-bred,  -rooted,  -tailed. 

sub  (prefix)  -base,  -basement,  -bass;  the  rest  one 
word. 

subject-object,  -objectivity. 

suckfish,  stone. 

sud-oil. 

sugarberry,  -cane  (a.),  -coated,  house,  -loaf  (a.), 
plum. 

sulpho-urea,  uritic;  the  rest  one  word. 

sulphur-bottom,  weed,  wort. 

summer-fallow,  house,  stir  (v.),  tide,  tree. 

sunbeam,  bird,  blink,  bonnet,  bow,  bum, -burner, 
burst,  -cracked,  dew,  dial,  down,  downer,  drops, 
dry  (v.),  fish,  flower,  glass,  glow,  light,  lit,  proof, 
rise,  set,  setting,  shade,  shine,  shiny,  squall, 
stone,  stroke,  -struck,  up,  ward,  wise. 

super  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

supple-jack. 

supra  (prefix);  when  followed  by  vowel  use  hy- 
phen, otherwise  one  word,  except  supra  gramma- 
ticam. 

sure-enough  (a.),  -footed,  -footedly,  -footedness. 

surface-bent,  man. 

surfboat,  boatman,  man. 

sur-royal. 

swagbellied,  belly,  man. 

swallowtail,  -tailed,  wing,  wort. 

swampweed,  wood. 

swanflower,  herd,  -hopping,  mark,  marker, 
marking,  neck,  skin,  -upper,  -upping,  wort. 

swan's-down. 

swartback,  rutter,  rutting. 

swashbuckler,  bucklering,  buckling,  -letters,  way. 

sway-backed. 

swearword. 

sweatband,  shop,  weed. 

sweepstake,  stakes,  washer,  washings.' 

sweetbread,  brier,  heart,  leaf,  meat,  root,  sop, 
water,  weed,  wood,  wort;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

swellfish,  toad. 

swift  (prefix)  foot;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

swlnebread,  -chopped,  cote,  fish,  herd,  hull,  pipe, 
stone,  sty,  ward,  yard. 

swine's-bane,  -cress,  -feather,  -grass,  -snout, 
-succory. 

swingbar,  devil,  dingle,  stock,  -swang,  tree. 

swinglebar,  tail,  tree. 

swish-swash. 

switchback,  board,  man. 

sword-and-buckler,  bill,  craft,  fish,  fishing,  man, 
play,  player,  -proof,  -shaped,  smith,  stick,  tail. 

swordsman. 

T. 

tablecloth,  -cut  (a.),  -land,  spoon,  spoonful,  ware, 

wise, 
tac-au-tac. 

tag-end,  lock,  rag,  tail. 
tall-bay,  block,  board,  ender,  flower,  piece,  pin, 

race,  -rime,  stock,  ward,  -water, 
tailor-made. 


110 


RULES    AND    STYLE    OF    COMPOSITION. 


taintworm. 

take-all,  down,   in,  -off,  -up. 

taker-in,  -off. 

taking-off. 

talebearer,  bearing,  book,  carrier,  carrying,  teller, 

talesman. 

talkee-talkee. 

tallboy  (n.). 

tallow-face,  -faced,  -root,  -top,  -topped,  wood. 

tallyho,  man,  wag. 

tangent-cut. 

tangfish. 

tangleberry,  fish,  foot,  wrack. 

tanyard, 

taphouse,  -rivet  (v.),  room,  root,  rooted. 

tapeline,  worm. 

tarboy,  -bush,  heel,  rack,  rock,  weed,  whine,  wood. 

tarso  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

tarry-breeks,  -fingered. 

taskmaster,  mistress,  work. 

ta-ta. 

tattletale. 

taxgatherer,  gathering,  man,  payer. 

teaberry,  cup,  cupful,  kettle,  pot,  poy,  spoon, 
spoonful. 

teamland,  wise,  work. 

tear  (prefix)  drop,  -falling,  pit,  thumb. 

teaze-hole. 

te-hee. 

teeter-tail. 

tele  (prefix)  -iconograph;  the  rest  one  word. 

telltale. 

tench  weed. 

tenfold,  -forties,  -o'clock  (n.),  penny,  pins,  -pounder, 
-sided,  -strike. 

tenderfoot,  -hearted,  -heartedly,  -heartedness,  loin. 

tenterhook. 

tenthmeter. 

tentmaker,  work,  wort. 

terneplate. 

terre-tenant,  -verte. 

t^te-hrtete  (a.,  n.),  -de-mouton,  -de-pont,  -de-veau. 

tether-ball. 

tetterwort. 

textbook,  man,  -writer. 

thankworthiness,  worthy,-you-ma'am  (road  mak- 
ing). 

thanksgiver,  giving. 

thaw-drop. 

thenceforth,  forward. 

there  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

thermo-inliibitory;  the  rest  one  word. 

thick-and-thin  (a.),  head,  -knee,  leaf,  lips,  set,  skin, 
skull,  -stamen,  wind;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

thlmbleberry,  -eye,  rig,  rigger,  weed. 

thln-skirmedness;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

thlngamabob,  amajig,  -in-itself,  man,  umajig. 
umbob. 

thirdborough,  -class  (a.),  -penny,  -rate  (a.),  -rater. 

thistledown. 

thornback,  bill,  but,  head,  tail;  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

thorough-brace,  bred,  fare,  foot,  going,  paced, 
pin,  -stem,  wax,  wort. 

thousandfold,  -leaf,  -jacket;  other  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

thrallborn,  -less. 

threadbare,  fin,  fish,  foot,  -needle,  -shaped,  -the- 
needle,  worm. 

three  (prefix)  -bagger,  -cornered,  -cycle,  -decker, 
fold,  -halfpence,  -master,  -out,  pence,  penny, 
-phaser,  -plier,  -quarter,  -ridge,  score,  some, 
-spread,  -valve;  otner  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

thrlcecock;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

throatband,  boll,  lash,  latch,  root,  wort. 

throwback,  -crook,  -off. 

thrum-eyed,  wort. 

thumb-nail,  rope,  screw,  stall. 

thunderbird,  bolt,  burst,  clap,  cloud,  -dirt,  fish, 
flower,  head,  headed,  peal,  plump,  -proof,  shower, 
squall,  stone,  storm,  strike,  stroke,  worm. 

thy  ro-antitoxin, -arytenoid, -arytenoideus, -epiglot- 
tic, -epiglottidean;  the  rest  one  word. 

tlckseed,  tack,  tacktoo,  weed. 

tidbit. 

tlddledj^wlnks. 

tideland,  race,  -rode,  waiter,  water,  way. 

tidesman. 

tlebar,  beam,  -plate,  -plater,  -rod,  -tie,  -up,  wig. 

tiers-argent,  man. 


tiger-eye,  foot,  -footed. 

tiger's-claw,  -eye,  -foot,  -jaw,  -milk. 

tUe-drain  (v.),  fish,  root,  seed,  stone. 

tiltboard,  -up,  yard. 

timberframe,  head,  land,  man,  work. 

timekeeper,  piece,  pleaser,  saver,  saving,  server, 
serving,  taker,  -table,  -work,  worn;  other  adjec- 
tives take  hyphen. 

tinclad,  -foil  (v.),  man,  mouth,  plate  (v.),  pot  (a.), 
smith,  smithing,  stone,  stuff,  type,  ware. 

tine-grass,  -tare,  man,  weed. 

tipburn,  cat,  staff,  stock,  tail,  tilt,  toe,  top,  topper, 
-up. 

tippybob,  toe. 

tlre-larigot,  man,  smith,  woman. 

tiring-room. 

titano  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

titbit,  lark,  mouse. 

tithlngman,  penny. 

title-page. 

titter-totter. 

tittle-tattle,  -tattling. 

to-and-fro,  -bread,  -day,  -do,  -morrow,  -night. 

toadback,  eater,  fish,  flax,  flower,  head,  pipe,  stone, 
stool. 

toad's-back,  -eye. 

toastmaster. 

toe-and-heel,  nail. 

togt-rider,  -riding. 

tollbar,  booth,  gate,  house,  man. 

tomboy,  cat,  cod,  fool,  foolery,  noddy,  -piper,  rig, 
tit,  -tom,  -trot, 

tombstone. 

ton-mile. 

tonguebird,  fence,  fish,  flower,  -flowered,  -lashing, 
-shaped,  tacked,  -tie,  -tied. 

toolmaker,  man,  smith,  stock. 

toothache,  -ax  (v.),  bill,  -billed  (a.),  brush,  drawer, 
drawing,  flower,  pick,  shell,  wort,  -wound. 

top-armor,  -block,  -boot,  -booted,  -card,  -chain, 
-cloth,  coat,  -drain,  -dress,  -dressing,  gallant, 
-hamper,  -hampered,  -heavy,  -heaviness,  knot, 
-light,  lofty,  man,  mast,  most,  -netting,  notcher, 
-pickle,  piece,  -rail,  -rope,  sail,  -sew,  -shaped,  side, 
soil,  stone,  swarm,  tail  (v.),  -timber,  -work  (v.). 

topsman. 

topsy-turviness,  -turvy. 

torchbearer,  light,  wood,  wort. 

tort-feasor. 

tortoise-shell  (a.),  wood. 

toss-up,  pot. 

tote-load. 

touchback,  bell,  -box,  down,  hole,  -in-goal,  -me- 
not,  pan,  piece,  stone,  wood. 

toughbark,  -head. 

tous-les-mols. 

towboat,  cock,  head,  -headed  (a.), -hook,  line,  mast, 
net,  path,  rope,  -row,  -tail. 

towerman,  wort. 

townfolk,  gate,  house,  land,  scape. 

townsfellow,  folk,  man,  people. 

toyman,  shop,  wort. 

trackbarrow,  -boat,  hoimd,  layer,  laying,  man, 
master,  -road,  sick,  side,  walker,  way. 

trade-mark,  master,  -union,  -unionism,  -imionist. 

tradesfolk,  -hall,  man,  people,  -tmion,  -imionism, 
-unionist,  woman. 

tragi-comedy,  -comic,  -comical,  -comi-pastoral. 

trainband,  bearer,  bolt,  load,  man,  -mile,  way, 

tramcar,  pot,  road,  way. 

trans  (prefix);  all  one  word  im^less  followed  by  cap, 
when  use  hyphen. 

trapball,  door,  fall,  hole,  stick. 

traveler's-joy,  -tree. 

trawlboat,  net. 

trawlerman. 

treadboard,  mill,  milling,  -softly  (n.),  wheel. 

treasure-trove. 

treble-dated,  -geared,  -sinewed,  tree. 

treebeard,  nail,  speeler,  worker. 

trelliswork. 

trencher-fly,  man. 

trench-plow  (v.). 

tres-tine. 

trestletree,  work. 

tribesman,  people. 

tricktrack, 

trigesimo-secundo. 

trigger-finger, 

trlpe-de-roche,  man,  stone. 


VOCABULAKY   OF   DOUBLE   WOKDS. 


Ill 


trlpleback,  tail;  other  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

tripsin. 

trolley  man. 

troop  fowl,  ship. 

trot-line. 

trothplight,  plighted. 

trou-de-loup. 

troutbird,  -colored. 

trucebreaker. 

truckle-bed. 

truckman,  master. 

true  (prefix)  -heartedness,  love,  penny;  adjectives 

takehyphen.  .     , 

trumpetleaf,  -shaped,  -tongued,  -voiced,   weed, 

wood. 
trundle-bed,  head,  shot,  tail, 
trunkback,  fish,  -hatch,  -hatchway,  nose,  way, 

work, 
trusswork. 

truth-lover,  teller,  telling, 
try-house,  -pot,  sail,  -square,  -works, 
tubeform,  -nosed,  rose, 
tubfish,  man,  -sized. 
tuck-net,  -out,  -seine,  shell,  shop, 
tue-iron. 

tulthunter,  hunting, 
tugboat. 

tulip-eared,  wood. 
tumblebug,  -down,  dung,  weed. 
tum-tum. 
tunhoof. 

tup-headed,  man. 
turban  top. 
turfman, 
turkey  back. 

turnabout,  back,  bout,  buckle,  cap,  coat,  cock, 
down,  key,  out,  over,  pike,  pin,  plate,  plow,  screw, 
skin,  sole,  spit,  stile,  stone,  table,  tail,  -tree,  up, 
verein,  wrest. 
turnip-rooted,  -stemmed,  wood. 
turtleback,  dove,  -footed,  head. 
tiisk"ShGll  • 

tutball,  man,  -mouthed,  work,  worker,  workman, 
tu-whit,  -whoo  (v.). 
tutti-frutti, 
twayblade. 
'tween-brain,  -deck,  -decks. 

twelfth-cake,  -day,  -night,  -second,  tide, 
twelvefold,  month,  pence,  penny,  score, 
twenty  fold. 

twice-born  (a.),  -told  (a.). 

twinberry,  bom,  flower,  leaf,  -screw  (a.). 

twisted-flower,  -horn,  -stalk  (plants). 

'twixt-brain. 

two-bagger,  -block,  -blocks,  -cycle,  -decker,  -faced- 
ness,  fold,  pence,  penny ,  some,  -step,  -up,  -wheeler; 
adjectives  take  hyphen. 

type-high,  script,  setter,  setting,  write,  writer, 
writing,  written. 

U. 

U-shaped. 

ultra-agnostic,  -atomic,  elliptic,  -equinoctial,  -intel- 
lectual, -red  ,  -violet;  the  rest  one  word,  except  ultra 
valorem  and  ultra  vires. 

tin  (prefix);  always  one  word,  unless  followed  by 
cap  letter,  when  use  hyphen. 

uncalled-for. 

uncared-for. 

under  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

unheard-of. 

unhoped-for. 

unlooked-for. 

unmade-up. 

untalked-of. 

unthought-of. 

up  (prefix)  -and-over  (a.),  -over,  -put  -putting, 
-to-date  (a.);  the  rest  one  word. 

uppercut,  most. 

urnflower,  -shaped. 

uva-ursi. 

V. 

V-shaped. 

vainglorious,  gloriously,  gloriousness,  glory. 

vanguard,  sire. 

vare-headed. 

vase-shaped. 

vaso-inhibitory;  the  rest  one  word. 


vegeto-alkali. 

veinstone,  stuff. 

velvetbreast,  leaf,  seed,  weed,  work. 

venthole. 

ventro-inguinal;  the  rest  one  word. 

Venus's-basin,  -bath,  -basket,  -comb,  -cup,  -ear, 
-fan,  -flower-basket,  -flytrap,  -girdle,  -golden- 
apple,  -hair,  -hairstone,  -looking-glass,  -navelwort, 
-needle,  -pride,  -purse,  -shell,  -shoe,  -slipper, 
-sumac. 

vergeboard. 

vertebro-arterial,  basilar,  costal,  -iliac,  -sacral. 

vestryman. 

vicecomital,  geral,  gerency,  gerent,  regal,  royal, 
royalty,  versally. 

viewpoint. 

vigesimo-quarto. 

vine-clad,  dresser,  land,  yard,  yardist. 

violet-ear,  -tip. 

virgin's-bower. 

vis-k-vis. 

viseman. 

vitreo-electric. 

vitro-di-trina. 

voltammeter,  coulomb,  meter. 

vol ta-elec trie,  -electricity,  -electrometer,  -electro- 
metric,  meter,  metric,  plast,  type. 

volte-face. 

volumenometer,  scope. 

vulvo-uterine,  vaginal,  vaginitis. 

W. 

waddywood. 

wagenboom. 

wagework,  worker. 

wagon-headed,  load,  -roofed,  wright. 

wagtail,  wag,  want,  wanton,  wit. 

wainbote,  rope,  wright. 

waistband,  belt,  cloth,  coat,  coating,  -high,  line. 

wait-a-bit,  -awhile,  -fee,  -service. 

wake-robin,  time. 

waidflute,  grave,  gravine,  horn. 

walk-around,  mill,  out,  -over. 

wallbird,  -eye,  -eyed,  flower,  hick,  -plat,  -sided 
wort. 

wampumpeag. 

warcraft,  fare,  farer,  field,  -hawk,  man,  mouth, 
path,  saw,  ship,  wolf,  worn. 

wardcom,  holding,  mote,  robe,  room,  wit. 

wardsman. 

warehouse,  houseman  room. 

warm-blooded,  -headed,  -hearted,  -heartedness, 
house. 

wart-herb,  weed,  wort. 

warty-back,  well. 

washaway,  basin,  board,  bowl,  brew,  dish,  house, 
man,  -off,  out,  pot,  stand,  strake,  tail,  tub. 

washerman,  woman. 

wasp-waisted. 

wastebasket,  board,  way,  weir. 

watchcase,  dog,  maker,  making,  man,  mate,  tower, 
word,  work.  ,    ,  ^ 

waterbear  (v.),  board,  -closet,  -colorist,  -cool, 
course,  cup,  -cycle  (v.),  fall,  -fit,  fowl,  -fronter, 
-furrow  (v.),  -horse,  -jacketed  (v.),  -laid,  -logged, 
leaf,  man,  mark,  melon,  phone,  pot,  proof, 
proofer,  proofing,  -purple,  -rot,  scape,  -seal  (v.), 
-season,  shed,  shoot,  side,  skin,  -soak,  spout, 
stoup,  -tight,  -tightness,  way,  wood,  work,  wort; 
other  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

wattlebird,  work. 

wattmetei:.  ^  ^      ^,^  .    j, 

waxberry,  bill,  bird,  bush,  flower,  -red,  -stitched, 
weed,  wing,  work,  worker. 

waybeam,  berry,  bill,  bird,  bung,  fare,  farer,  fanng, 
gang,  gate,  going,  gone,  goose,  laid,  lay,  layer, 
leave,  maker,  mark,  post,  side,  sliding,  -thistle, 
thorn,  ward,  warden,  wise,  worn. 

weakfish;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

weasel-faced,  fish,  snout.  

weather-bitt  (v.),  board,  boarding,  break,  cock, 
-fend  (v.),  fish,  glass,  gleam,  head,  most,  proof, 
-strip  (v.),  wise,  worn;  other  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

weavertish.  ^    ^     ^ 

webeye,  foot,  worm;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

wedge  (prefix)  bill,  wise;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

weedhook. 


112 


RULES   AND  STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


weet-bird,  -weet. 

weighbeam,  bridge,  -bouse,  lock,  man,  master, 
shaft. 

welladay,  away,  -being,  -doer,  -doing  (n.,  a.) 
-drain  (v.),  -eye,  head,  hole,  -nigh,  spring,  strand, 
-wilier,  -wish,  -wisher;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

wentletrap. 

werebear,  wolf. 

westbound  (also  eastboiuxd,  northbound,  south- 
bound). 

wetbird,  -nurse  (v.),  -season,  -shod. 

whaleback,  boat,  bone,  -built,  head,  man. 

wharf  man,  master. 

whatever,  not,  soever. 

whealworm. 

wheatbird,  ear,  land,  worm. 

wheelband,  barrow,  bird,  -cut,  house,  man,  swarf, 
way,  work,  wright. 

wheelsman. 

whenas,  ever,  soever. 

whenceever,  soever. 

whereabout,  abouts,  as,  at,  away,  by,  fore,  from, 
in,  insoever,  into,  of,  on,  over,  so,  soever,  through, 
to,  under,  upon,  with,  withal. 

wherever. 

whetstone. 

wheybeard,  bird,  face,  faced. 

whichever,  soever. 

whifBetree. 

whim  wham. 

whlnberry,  chacker,  chat,  check,  stone,  yard. 

whipcat,  cord,  fish,  graft,  jack,  lash,  poorwill,  saw, 
-shaped,  stick,  stitch  (v.),  stock,  tail,  -tailed,  -tom- 
kelly,  worm. 

whipper-in,  snapper. 

whirlabout,  blast,  brain,  pool,  wig,  wind. 

whistlefish,  wing,  wood. 

whiteback,  bait,  bark,  beam,  beard,  belly,  bill, 
-blaze,  blow,  -bone,  bonnet,  bottle,  boy,  cap, 
capper,  coat,  comb,  com,  crop,  -ear,  -eye,  -face, 
fish,  -foot,  head,  heart,  -lead  (v.),  -pot,  -ribboner, 
root,  rump,  sark,  seam,  side,  smith,  stone,  tail, 
thorn,  throat,  tip,  top,  vein,  wall,  wash  (v.),  washer, 
-water  (v.) >  weed,  wing,  wood,  worm,  wort;  adjec- 
tives take  hyphen. 

whitfmch,  flaw,  leather,  wall. 

whithersoever. 

whitlow-wort. 

whole-heartedly,  -heartedness,  sale,  saler;  adjec- 
tives take  hyphen. 

whomso,  soever. 

whoremaster,  monger,  son. 

whortleberry. 

whoso,  soever. 

wickerwork. 

wicketwork. 

wide-awake,  gap,  spread;  other  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

widow-bench,  hood. 

wife-bound,  hood,  -ridden. 

wlgraaker,  tail,  wag,  wagger,  warn. 

wildcat  (a.),  catter,  fire,  -fowler,  -fowling,  grave, 
wood. 

will-o'-the-wisp. 

willow-herb,  -thorn,  -weed,  -worm,  wort. 

wllly-mufty,  -nlUy,  -wagtail,  -willy. 

windbag,  ball,  berry,  bibber,  bore,  -bound, 
break  (n.),  -break  (v.),  -breaker,  broach,  -broken, 
-changing,  -dog,  fall,  fallen,  fanner,  -fertilization, 
-fertilized,  firm,  fish,  flower,  gall,  galled,  hole, 
hover,  jammer,  lass,  mill,  pipe,  -plant,  -pollina- 
tion, -rode,  row,  rower,  -shake  -shaken,  -shock, 
storm,  -sucker,  -swift,  -taut,  -tight,  -up,  way. 

wlndlestraw. 

windowpane, 

wlneberry,  bibber,  bibbing,  Conner,  glass,  glassful, 
man,  sap.  taster,  tree. 

wlngflsh ,  seed ,  -shell,  -shot;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

winnock-bunker. 

winnow<;orb. 

wlnterberry,  bloom,  fallow,  green,  -ground  (v.), 
kill (v.^lemon, -marvel, -rig  (v.),  tide,  time,  weed; 
adjectives  take  hyphen. 

wlredancer,  dancing,  draw  (v.),  drawer,  heel,  man, 
pull  (v.),  puller,  pulling,  smith,  way,  -weed, 
work,  worker,  working,  works,  worm;  other 
adjectives  take  hyphen. 


hood,     kind,     muckle. 


wiseacre,  head,  -hearted. 

wishbone,  -wash. 

wishy-washy. 

witch-bells,  craft,  -elm,  finder,  -hazel,  -leaf,  -tree, 
wood,  work. 

with  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

withdrawing-room. 

witherband,  -wrung. 

wizen-faced. 

woe-begone,  -worn. 

wolf  berry,  hound,  skin. 

woman-bom,    -grown, 
-queller,  -vested. 

womenfolk. 

wonderland,  stricken,  struck,  work,  -worker, 
-working,  -wounded. 

wonga-wonga. 

woodbine,  chopper,  cock,  craft,  cut,  cutter,  cut- 
ting, hole,  horse,  house,  land,  lander,  man,  -note, 
pecker,  pile,  ranger,  reeve,  rick,  rock,  shed,  side, 
stone,  work,  worker,  working,  worm. 

woodenhead,  -headed,  -headedness,  ware. 

woodsman. 

wool-dyed,  fell,  gathering,  grower,  growing,  head, 
man,  pack,  sack,  shed,  sorter,  sower,  stock,  work. 

woolly-haired,  -headed. 

word-blind,  book,  -bound,  -catcher,  -deaf,  monger, 
mongering,  play,  spite  (a.). 

wordsman. 

workaday,  bag,  basket,  bench,  box,  day,  fellow, 
folk,  house,  man,  master,  mistress,  people,  room, 
shop,  table,  ways  (adv.),  wise  (adv.),  woman. 

working-day,  man. 

world-self,  -weary,  -wearily,  -wide. 

worldly-minded,  -mindedness,  -wise. 

worm-eat  (v.),  -eaten,  -eating,  hole,  holed,  seed, 
wood. 

worn-out  (a.). 

wou-wou. 

woundwort,  worth. 

wreckfish. 

wrlngbolt,  staff. 

wringing- wet  (a.). 

wristband,  -drop  (n.),  fall. 

wrongdoer,  doing,  head,  -headed,  -headedly, 
-headedness,  -hearted,  -heartedness,  -minded, 
-mindedness,  -timed. 


xantho  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
xeno  (prefix);  all  one  word. 
xero  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

Y. 

Y-shaped. 

yachtsman,  woman. 

Yankee-Doodle,  land. 

yardarm,  man,  master,  stick,  wand. 

yawl-rigged. 

yawroot,  -weed. 

yearbook,  long. 

yeast-bitten. 

yellow-backed,  -bellied,  -billed,  bird,    -breasted, 

-covered,  -crowned,  -eyed,  fish,  -headed,   root, 

-rumped,  seed,  -shafted,  -tailed,  throated,  -vented, 

weed,  wood,  wort,  -wrack, 
yelly-hoo,  -booing, 
yes-no  (a.,  v.),  -noer,  -noism. 
yesterday,  eve,  even,  evening,  mom,  morning, 

night,  noon,  week,  year, 
yewberry. 
ylang-ylang. 
yokefellow,  mate,  -toed, 
yore-time. 

yttro-cerite,  -columblte,  -tantalite. 
yuletlde. 


Z. 


zantewood. 
zebrawood. 
Zend-Avesta, 
zeroaxial ,  -dimensional 
zigzag,  zaggery,  zaggy. 
ziment-water. 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


MISCELLANEOUS  TABLES. 

Chemical  elements  and  symbols. 


Element.                              Symbol. 

Element. 

Symbol. 

Aluminum 

Al 

As 

Au 

Ba 

Be,Gl 

Bi 

B 

Br 

Cd 

Cs 

Ca 

C 

Ce 

CI 

Cr 

Co 

Cb,Nb 

Cu 

Da 

Dp 

D,Di 

^y 

Er 

Fe 

F 

Gd 

Ga 

Ge 

Gl.Be 

He 
Ho 

W 

In 

I 
Ir 

K 
Kr 
La 

Li 
Mg 

Mn 

Mo 

Antimony  (see  Stibium). 

Natrium  (sodium) 

Na 

Argentum  (silver) 

Neodymium 

Nd 

Argon 

Neon. 

Ne 

Arsenic 

Nickel.  . 

Ni 

Aurum  (gold) 

Nb,Cb 

N 

Barium 

Nitrogen. 

Beryllium  (glucinum) 

Norwegium 

Ng 
Os 

Bismuth 

Boron 

Oxygen 

0 

Bromine 

Palladium 

Pd 

Cadmium 

Philippium 

Ph 

Caesium                                 .  . 

Phosphorus 

p 

Calcium 

Platinum...                   .  .  . 

Pt 

Carbon 

Plumbum  (lead) 

Pb 

Cerium 

Potassium  (see  Kalium). 
Praseodymium 

Chlorine 

Pr 

Chromium 

Radium 

Ra 

Cobalt 

Rhodium 

Rh 

Columbiura  (niobium) 

Rubidium 

Rb 

Copper  (cuprum) 

Ru 

Davyum 

Samarium . 

Sa,  Sra 
Sc 

Decipium 

Scandium 

Se 

Dysprosium 

Silicon 

Si 

Erbium 

Silver  (see  Argentum). 
Sodium  (see  Natrium). 
Stannum  (tin) 

Fluorine.     .                    ... 

Sn 

Gadolinium 

Sb 

Gallium 

Strontium 

Sr 

Germanium 

Sulphur 

S 

Tantalum                           .  . 

Ta 

Gold  (see  Aurum). 

Tellurium. 

Te 

Helium 

Terbium  . 

Tb.  Tr 

Thallium 

Tl 

Hydrargyrum  (mercury) . 

Thorium . 

Th 

Hydrogen    - 

Thulium . 

Tm 

Indium 

Tin  (see  Stannum). 
Titanium . 

Iodine 

Ti 

Iridium 

Tungsten  (see  Wolframium). 

Uranium 

Iron  (see  Ferrum). 

U.Ur 

Kalium  (potassium) 

Vanadium 

V 

Kyrpton 

Wolframium  (tungsten) 

W 

Lanthanum 

Xenon 

Xe,X 

Lead  (see  Plumbum). 

Lithium 

Ytterbium 

Yb 

Yttrium 

Y 

Zinc 

Zn 

Manganese  . 

Zirconium 

Zr 

Mercury  (see  Hydrargyrum). 

1 1 

II 2 

III 3 

IV 4 

V 5 

VI 6 

VII 7 

VIII 8 

97724°     13 

IX 

X 

XIX 

XX 

XXX 

XL 

L 

LX 

-8 

Roman  r 

9 

10 

19 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

lumerals. 

LXX 70 

LXXX 80 

XC 90 

C 100 

CL 150 

CC 200 

CCC 300 

CD 400 

D 

DC 

DCC 

DCCC 

CM 

M 

MD 

MCM 

1] 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1000 

1500 

1900 

L3 

114 


EULES  AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


Values  of  foreign  coins. 
[From  Circular  No.  1  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint,  Oct.  1,  1913. 


Countries. 

Standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

Value. 

Argentina                                

Gold 

Pesoi...  . 

$0  965 

Austria-Hungary 

do 

Crown 

203 

Belgium 

Gold  and  silver. . 
Gold 

Franc  2 

.193 

Bolivia 

Bolivian 
Mikeis  <. 
Pound  St 
Dollar... 

0  3 

.389 

Brazil 

do 

.546 

British  colonies  in  Australasia  and  Africa 

do 

do 

erling 

4  866 

Canada 

1.000 

Central  American  States: 
British  Honduras 

do 

.  do.... 

l.QOO 

do 

Colon 

.465 

Guatemala                                  .  . 

Isilver 

Peso 

.435 

Gold 

do.6     - 

Salvador 

Chile 

.365 

Silver 

Tael.... 

Dollar..- 
Dollar  6 

rAmoy 

.713 

Canton 

.711 

Chefoo 

.682 

Chin  Kiang 

.697 

Fuchau. 

.660 

Haikwan  (customs) 

Hankow 

.726 
.667 

Kiaochow 

.691 

Nanking 

.706 

Chinese  Republic 

Newchwang 

.669 

Nmgpo 

Gold 

Pekmg 

.695 

Shanghai 

.651 

Swatow 

.659 

Takau 

.718 

Tientsin 

.691 

Yuan 

.519 

.469 

British 

.469 

Mexican 

.483 

Colombia. 

1  000 

Denmark 

do 

Crown 

.268 

Ecuador. 

do 

Sucre 

487 

Egypt 

do 

Pound  (] 
Mark.. 

00 piasters)  T...  . 

4.943 

Finland 

do.    . 

•  193 

France 

Gold  and  silver. . 
Gold 

Franc  2 

.193 

Mark 

.238 

Great  Britain  . 

do 

Pound  st 
Drachma 
Gourde 

erling 

4.866 

Greece 

Gold  and  silver.. 
Gold 

.193 

Haiti 

.965 

India  [British] 

do 

Rupee 

.324 

Italy.. 

Gold  and  silver.. 
Gold 

Lira  2 

.193 

Japan 

Yen 

.498 

Liberia 

do 

Dollar 

1.000 

Mexico 

do  ...     . 

Peso 

.498 

Netherlands 

do 

Florin 

.402 

do 

DoUar 

1.014 

Norway                                

do. 

Crown . 

.268 

Panama 

do 

Balboa 

1.000 

Persia 

Gold  and  silver. . 
Gold 

Kran 

Libra 

.170 

Peru 

4.866 

do 

Peso 

.500 

Portugal 

do 

Milreis 

1.080 

Roumania 

do 

Leu 

.193 

do 

Ruble 

.515 

Santo  Domingo 

.  do.... 

Dollar 

1.000 

Servia 

do 

Dinar 

.193 

Siam 

do 

Pical 

.371 

Spain 

Gold  and  silver.. 
Gold 

Peseta 

.193 

Straits  Settlements 

Dollar 

.568 

do 

.268 

Switzerland 

do 

Franc  2 

.193 

Turkey 

do 

Piaster 

.044 

Uruguay 

do 

Peso 

1.034 

Venezuela 

do 

Bolivar                                  .... 

.193 

J  Currency:  Depreciated  paper  convertible  at  44  per  cent  of  face  value, 
«  Member  of  Latin  Union;  gold  is  the  actual  standard. 
8  12i  bolivianos  equal  1  pound  sterling. 

*  Currency:  Government  paper  convertible  at  $0,324  to  the  milreis. 

»  Currency:  Inconvertible  paper;  exchange  rate  approximately  $0,206. 

•  Currency:  Inconvertible  paper;  exchange  rate  approximately  $1.02  paper  to  $1  gold. 

7  The  actual  standard  is  the  British  pound  sterling,  which  is  legal  tender  for  97i  piasters. 

Note. — The  coins  of  silver-standard  countries  are  valued  by  their  pure-silver  content  at  the  average 
market  price  of  silver. 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


119 


Metric  tables. 
LENGTH. 


Myriameter                                              

10,000  meters 

G.2137  miles. 

KUometer 

1,000  meters 

0.G2137  mile. 

Hectometer           .           

100  meters 

328  feet  1  iBch. 

Dekameter 

10  meters     

393.7  inches. 

Meter           

1  meter 

39.37  inches. 

Decimeter                                  

0.1  meter 

3.937  inches. 

Centimeter 

0.01  meter 

0.3937  inch. 

Millimeter            

0.001  meter 

0.0394  inch. 

SURFACE. 


Hectare 

Are 

Centare 


10,000  square  meters. . . 

100  square  meters 

1  square  meter 


2.471  acres. 

119.6  square  yards. 

1,550  square  inches. 


WEIGHT. 


Metric  ton,  millier  or  tonneau 

Quintal 

Myriagram 

Kilogram  or  kilo 

Hectogram 

Dekagram 

Gram 

Decigram 

Centigram 

Milligram 


Number 

of 
grams. 


1,000,000 

100,000 

10,000 

1,000 

100 

10 

1 


.1 

.01 
.001 


Weight  of  what  quan- 
tity of  water  at 
maximum  density. 


1  cubic  meter 

1  hectoliter 

1  dekaliter 

1  liter 

1  deciliter 

10  cubic  centimeters 
1  cubic  centimeter. . . 
0.1  cubic  centimeter. 
10  cubic  millimeters. 
1  cubic  millimeter. . . 


Avoirdupois 
weight. 


2, 204.6  pounds. 
220.46  pounds. 
22.046  pounds. 
2.2046  poimds. 
3.5274  ounces. 
0.3527  ounce. 
15.432  grains. 
1.5432  grains, 
0.1543  grain. 
0.0154  grain. 


CAPACITY. 


Names. 

Number  K)f 
liters. 

Metric  cubic 
measure. 

United  States  measure. 

British  measure. 

Kiloliter ,  or  stere 

Hectoliter 

1,000 
100 

10 

1 
.1 

.01 

.001 

I  cubic  meter 

0.1  cubic  meter 

10  cubic   decime- 
ters. 

1  cubic  decimeter. 

0.1  cubic  decime- 
ter. 

10  cubic  centime- 
teis. 

1  cubic  centimeter. 

1.308  cubic  yards 

2.837  bushels;  26.417  gal- 
lons. 

1.135  pecks;  2.6417  gal- 
lons. 

0.908  quart;  1.0567  quarts. 

6.1022  cubic  inches;  0.845 
gill. 

0.6102  cubic  inch;  0.338 
fluid  oiuice. 

0.061  cubic  inch;  0.27 
fluid  dram. 

1.308  cubic  yards. 
2.75  bushels;  22.01  gal- 
lons. 
8.80  quarts;  2.201  gal- 

Dekaliter 

Liter 

lons. 
0.880  quart. 
0.704  gfll. 

Deciliter 

Centiliter 

0.352  fluid  ounce. 

Milliliter 

0.28  fluid  dram. 

COMMON  MEASURES  AND  THEIR  METRIC  EQUIVALENTS. 


Common  measures. 


Inch 

Foot 

Yard 

Rod 

MUe 

Square  inch 

Square  foot 

Square  yard : 

Square  rod 

Acre 

Square  mile 

Cubic  inch 

Cubic  foot '. 

Cubic  yard 

Cord 

Liquid    quart,    United 
States. 


Equivalents. 


2. 54  centimeters. 

0. 3048  meter. 

0.9144  meter. 

5. 029  meters. 

1.6093  kilometers. 

6. 452  square  centimeters. 

0. 0929  square  meter. 

0. 836  square  meter. 

25. 29  square  meters. 

0. 4046  hectare. 

259  hectares. 

16. 39  cubic  centimeters. 

0. 0283  cubic  meter. 

0.  7645  cubic  meter. 

3. 624  steres. 

0. 9469  liter. 


Common  measures. 


Dry  quart,  United 
States. 

Quart,  imperial 

Gallon,  United  States... 

Gallon,  imperial 

Peck,  United  States 

Peck,  imperial 

Bushel,  United  States... 

Bushel,  imperial 

Ounce,  avoirdupois 

Pound,  avoirdupois 

Ton,  long 

Ton,  short 

Grain 

Oimce,  troy 

Poxmd,  troy 


Equivalents. 


1.101  liters. 

1.136  liters. 
3.785  liters. 
4.544  liters. 
8.809  liters. 
9.087  liters. 
35.24  liters. 
36.35  liters. 
28.35  grams. 
0.4536  kilogram. 
1.0161  metric  tons. 
0.9072  metric  ton. 
0.0648  gram. 
31.103  grams. 
0.3732  kilogram. 


120 


BULES  AND   STYLE   OF    COMPOSITION. 
Greek  alphabet. 


Caps. 

Lower- 
case. 

Greek  name. 

English 
sound. 

Caps. 

Lower- 
case. 

Greek  name. 

English 
sound. 

A 

a 

Alpha. 

A. 

N 

V 

Nu. 

N. 

B 

^6 

Beta. 

B. 

? 

Xi. 

X. 

r 

r 

Gamma. 

G. 

0 

o 

Omicron. 

0  short. 

A 

s 

Delta. 

D. 

n 

7t  ZS 

Pi. 

P. 

E 

s 

Epsilon. 

E  short. 

p 

P 

Rho. 

R. 

Z 

C 

Zeta. 

Z. 

^ 

di 

Sigma. 

S. 

H 

V 

Eta. 

E  long. 

T 

r 

Tau. 

T. 

& 

05 

Theta. 

Th. 

T 

V 

Upsilon. 

U. 

I 

I 

Iota. 

I. 

$ 

(Pep 

Phi. 

F. 

K 

K 

Kappa. 

K. 

X 

X 

Chi. 

Ch. 

A 

A 

Lambda. 

L. 

w 

i>8 

Psi. 

Ps. 

M 

>" 

Mu. 

M. 

n 

GO 

Omega. 

O  long. 

tp  Aries, 
y  Taurus, 
n  Gemini. 
23  Cancer, 
a  Leo. 
Tip  Virgo, 
ii:  Libra, 
ni  Scorpio. 
Z  Sagittarius. 


-f-  plus. 

—  minus. 

X  multiplied  by. 

-5-  divided  by. 

=  equality. 

±  plus  or  minus. 

a  square. 

□rectangle. 


ASTRONOMICAL  SIGNS. 


l^  Capricomus. 
r;  Aquarius. 
>^  Pisces, 
©or  ©  Sun. 
§  Mercury. 
9  Venus. 
0  or  0  Earth. 
(f  Mars. 
1|  Jupiter. 


Vl  Saturn. 
IJI  Uranus. 
#  or  #  New  Moon. 
3)  First  quarter. 
Qor©  Full  Moon. 
(^  Last  quartei-. 
(3  Conjunction. 
S  Opposition. 
A  Trine. 


MATHEMATICAL  SIGNS. 


A  triangle. 

0  circle. 
Z  angle. 

L  right  angle. 

C"  or  >  greater  than. 

1  or  <  less  than. 
J.  perpendicular. 
~  difference. 


J   integration. 
O  equivalence. 
:: :  proportion. 
■H-  geometrical  propor- 
tion. 
—\  difference,  excess. 
.•.    therefore. 


U  Quartile. 
5|<:  Sextile. 
Q  Dragon's  Head. 
t3  Dragon's  Tail. 
$  Ceres. 
$  Pallas. 
0  Juno. 
t  Vesta. 
\^'  or  E  Neptune. 


Qo  infinity, 
oc  varies  as 
j/  radical. 


minute. 
'  second. 


TITLES  OF  RAILROADS  . 


Following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  railroads  in  the  United  States.  In  abbreviating, 
use  the  initial  letters,  except  St.  for  Saint;  Ste.  for  Sainte;  Ft.  for  Fort;  S.  W.,  N.  W., 
etc.,  for  Southwestern,  Northwestern,  etc.;  R.  R.  for  Railroad;  Ry.  for  Railway; 
usual  abbreviation  for  States  when  occurring  at  end  of  name,  as  in  example  (1)  fol- 
lowing, and  insert  the  word  "of."  (1)  St.  L.  S.  W.  Ry.  Co.  of  Tex.  for  St.  Louis 
Southwestern  Railway  Co.  of  Texas;  (2)  M.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  for  Minneapolis  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad.  The  exception  to  the  foregoing  rule  is  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
the  abbreviation  for  which  is  Me.  C.  R.  R.,  tiie  Michigan  Central  Railroad  having  the 
abbreviation  M.  C.  R.  R. 


Abilene  &  Southern  Railway  Co. 

Alabama  &  Vicksburg  Railway  Co. 

Alabama  Great  Southern  Railroad  Co. 

Ann  Arbor  Railroad  Co. 

Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  Co. 

Arkansas  Central  Railroad  Co. 

Atchison.  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  Co. 

Atlanta  Si  St.  Andrews  Bay  Railway  Co. 

Atlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad  Co. 

Atlanta,  Birmingham  &  Atlantic  Railroad  Co. 

Atlantic  &  St.  Lawrence  Railroad  Co. 

Atlantic  City  Railroad  Co. 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad  Co. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Co. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad  Co. 

Baltimore  &  Philadelphia  Railroad  Co. 

Bangor  &  Aroostook  Railroad  Co. 

Beaumont,  Sour  Lake  &  Western  Railway  Co. 

Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  RaUroad  Co. 

Bloomsburg  &  Sullivan  Railroad  Co. 

Blue  Ridge  Railway  Co. 

Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  Co. 

Boston  &  Maine  Railroad. 

Boyne  City,  Gaylord  &  Alpena  Railroad  Co. 

Brmson  Railway  Co. 

Buffalo  &  Susquehanna  Railroad  Co. 

Buffalo  &  Susqueharma  Railway  Co. 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  Railway  Co. 

Butte,  Anaconda  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Butte  County  Railroad  Co. 

Camas  Prairie  Railroad  Co. 

Canadian  Northern  Railway  Co. 

Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Carolina,  Clinchfield  &  Ohio  Railway. 

Central  New  England  Railway  Co. 

Central  of  Georgia  Railway  Co. 

Central  Railroad  Co.  of  New  Jersey. 

Central  Vermont  Railway  Co. 

Charleston  &  Western  Carolina  Railway  Co. 

Charlotte  Harbor  &  Northern  Railway  Co. 

Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway  Co, 

Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  Co. 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad  Co. 

Chicago  &  Erie  Railroad  Co. 

Chicago  &  Illinois  Western  Railroad. 

Chicago  &  North  Western  Railway  Co. 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  Co. 

Chicago  Great  Western  Railroad  Co. 

Chicago,  Indiana  &  Southern  Railroad  Co. 

Chicago,  Indianapolis  &  Louisville  Railway  Co. 

Chicago,  Memphis  &  Gulf  Railroad  Co. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  Gary  Railway  Co. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  Puget  Sound  Railway  Co. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway  Co. 

Chicago,  Peoria  &  St.  Louis  Railway  Co.  of  Illinois. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Gulf  Railway  Co. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaiha  Railway 

Co. 
Chicago,  Terre  Haute  &  Southeastern  Railway  Co. 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railway  Co. 
Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Pacific  Railway 

Co. 
Cincinnati  Northern  Railroad  Co. 
Cincinnati,  Saginaw  &  Mackinaw  Railroad  Co. 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway 

Co. 


Colorado  &  Southeastern  Railway  Co. 

Colorado  &  Southern  Railway  Co. 

Colorado  Midland  Railway  Co. 

Colorado  Springs  &  Cripple  Creek  District  Railway 

Co. 
Copper  River  &  Northwestern  Railway  Co. 
Cornwall  &  Lebanon  Railroad  Co. 
Cornwall  Railroad  Co. 
Coudersport  &  Port  Allegany  Railroad  Co. 
Cumberland  VaUey  Railroad  Co. 
Dayton  &  Union  Railroad  Co. 
Delaware  &  Hudson  Co. 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co. 
Denver,  Northwestern  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 
Detroit  &  Mackinac  Railway  Co. 
Detroit  &  Toledo  Shore  Line  Railroad  Co. 
Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee  Railway  Co. 
Detroit,  Toledo  &  Ironton  Railway  Co. 
Dry  Fork  Railroad  Co. 
Duluth  &  Iron  Range  Railroad  Co. 
Duluth,  Missjibe  &  Northern  Railway  Co. 
Duluth,  Rainy  Lake  &  Winnipeg  Railway  Co. 
Duluth,  South  Shore  &  Atlantic  Railway  Co. 
Durham  &  Southern  Railway  Co. 
East  Broad  Top  Railroad  &  Coal  Co. 
El  Paso  &  Southwestern  Co. 
Elgin,  Joliet  &  Eastern  Railway  Co. 
Erie  Railroad  Co. 

Florence  &  Cripple  Creek  Railroad  Co. 
Florida  East  Coast  Railway  Co. 
Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville  Railroad  Co. 
Fort  Worth  &  Denver  City  Railway  Co. 
Gainesville  Midland  Railway. 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railway  Co. 
Galveston,  Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad  Co.  of 

1882. 
Genesee  &  Wyoming  Railroad  Co. 
Georges  Valley  Railroad  Co. 
Georgetown  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 
Georgia  Railroad. 

Georgia  Southern  &  Florida  Railway  Co. 
Georgia  Southwestern  &  Gulf  Railroad  Co. 
Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg  Railway  Co. 
Grafton  &  Upton  Railroad  Co. 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railway  Co. 
Grand  Trunk  Western  Railway  Co. 
Great  Northern  Railway  Co. 
Greenwich  &  Johnsonville  Railway  Co. 
Gulf  &  Sabine  River  Railroad  Co. 
Gulf  &  Ship  Island  Railroad  Co. 
Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  Co. 
Gulf  Line  Railway  Co. 
Harriman  &  Northeastern  Railroad  Co. 
Hocking  Valley  Railway  Co. 
Houston  &  Shreveport  Railroad  Co. 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad  Co. 
Houston  East  &  West  Texas  Railway  Co. 
Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Mountain  Railroad  & 

Coal  Co. 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  Co. 
International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad  Co. 
International  &  Great  Northern  Railway  Co. 
Iowa  Central  Railway  Co. 

Jamestown,  Chautauqua  &  Lake  Erie  Railway  Co. 
Kalamazoo,  Lake  Shore  &  Chicago  Railway  Co. 
iCanawha  &  Michigan  Railway  Co. 

121 


122 


RULES  AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


Kansas  City,  Clinton  &  Springfield  Railway  Co. 

Kansas  City  &  Memphis  Railway  Co. 

Kansas  Citj''  Southern  Railway  Co. 

Kentucky  &  Tennessee  Railway. 

Kewaunee,  Green  Bay  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 

Lackawanna  &  Wyoming  Valley  Railroad  Co. 

Lake  Champlain  &  Moriah  Railroad  Co. 

Lake  Charles  &  Northern  Railroad  Co. 

Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 

Lake  Erie,  Alliance  &  Wheeling  Railroad  Co. 

Lake  Superior  &  Ishpeming  Railway  Co. 

Lakeside  &  Marblehead  Railroad  Co. 

Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway  Co. 

Lehigh  &  Hudson  River  Railway  Co. 

Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  Co. 

Ligonier  Valley  Railroad  Co. 

Litchfield  &  Madison  Railway  Co. 

Long  Island  Railroad  Co. 

Lorain  &  West  Virginia  Railway  Co. 

Louisiana  &  Arkansas  Railway  Co. 

Louisiana  Central  Railroad  Co. 

Louisiana  Railway  &  Navigation  Co. 

Louisiana  &  Northwest  Railroad  Co. 

Louisiana  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Louisiana  Western  Railroad  Co. 

Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  Co. 

Louisville.  Hendersdn  &  St,  Louis  Railway  Co. 

McCloud  River  Railroad  Co. 

Macoupin  County  Railway  Co. 

Maine  Central  Railroad  Co. 

Manistee  &  Northeastern  Railroad  Co. 

Manitou  &  Pikes  Peak  Railway  Co. 

Marshall  &  East  Texas  Railway  Co. 

Maryland,  Delaware  &  Virginia  Railway  Co. 

Memphis,  Dallas  &  Gulf  Railroad  Co. 

Michigan  Central  Railroad  Co. 

Midland  Terminal  Railway  Co. 

Midland  Valley  Railroad  Co. 

Mineral  Range  Railroad  Co. 

Minneapolis  &  Rainy  River  Railway  Co 

Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  Co. 

Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  &  S.  Ste.  Marie  Railway  Co. 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway  Co. 

Missouri  &  Louisiana  Railroad  Co.        ♦ 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway  Co.  of  Texas. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad  Co. 

Monongahela  Railroad  Co. 

Montana,  Wyoming  &  Southern  Railroad  Co. 

Montour  Railroad  Co. 

Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad. 

Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad  &  Steamship 

Co. 
Morgantown  &  Kingwood  Railroad  Co. 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway. 
Nevada  County  Narrow  Gauge  Railroad  Co. 
Nevada  Northern  Railway  Co. 
New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad  Co. 
New  Orleans  &  Northeastern  Railroad  Co. 
New  Orleans  Great  Northern  Railroad  Co. 
New  Orleans,  Mobile  &  Chicago  Railroad  Co. 
New  Orleans,  Texas  &  Mexico  Railroad  Co. 
Newport  &  Richford  Railroad  Co. 
New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad  Co. 
New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  Co. 
New  York  &  Long  Branch  Railroad  Co. 
New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad  Co. 
New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railway  Co. 
New  York  &  Ottawa  Railway  Co. 
New  York,  Philadelphia  &  Norfolk  Railroad  Co. 
New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 
Norfolk  &  Western  Railway  Co. 
Norfolk  Southern  Railroad  Co. 
North  &  South  Carolina  Railway  Co. 
Northern  Central  Railway  Co. 
Northern  Pacific  Railway  Co. 
Northwestern  Pacific  Railroad  Co. 
Norwood  &  St.  Lawrence  Railroad  Co. 
Orange  &  Northwestern  Railroad  Co. 
Oregon  Trunk  Railway  Co. 
Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad  Co. 
Oregon- Washington  Railroad  &  Navigation  Co. 
Paris  &  Great  Northern  Railroad  Co. 
Pecos  &  Northern  Texas  Railway  Co. 
Pennsylvania  Co. 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co. 


Peoria  &  Eastern  Railway  Co. 

Pere  Marquette  Railroad  Co. 

Perkiomen  Railroad  Co. 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway  Co. 

Philadelphia,  Baltimore  &  Washmgton  Railroad  Co. 

Pierre,  Rapid  City  &  North  Western  Railway  Co. 

Pittsburgh  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  Co. 

Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
way Co. 

Pittsburg,  Shamut  &  Northern  Railroad  Co. 

Port  Reading  Railroad  Co. 

Quanah,  Acme  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Raritan  River  Railroad  Co. 

Richmond,  Fredericksburgh  &  Potomac  Railroad 
Co. 

Rio  Grande  &  Eagle  Pass  Railway  Co. 

Rutland  Railroad  Co. 

St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island  Railway  Co. 

St.  Lawrence  &  Adirondack  Railway  Co. 

St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad  Co. 

St.  Louis,  Brownsville  &  Mexico  Railway  Co. 

St.  Louis,  Iron  Moimtain  &  Southern  Railway  Co. 

St.  Louis,  Rocky  Mountain  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

St.  Louis,  San  Francisco  &  Texas  Rr.ilway  Co. 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  Co. 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  Co.  of  Texas. 

St.  Louis,  Troy  &  Eastern  Railroad  Co. 

San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway  Co. 

Salt  Lake  &  Los  Angeles  Railway  Co. 

San  Diego  &  Cuyamaca  Railway. 

San  Diego  Southern  Railway  Co. 

San  Pedro.  Los  Angeles  &  Salt  Lake  Railroad  Co. 

Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway. 

Sierra  Railway  Co.  of  California. 

South  Dakota  Central  Railway  Co. 

South  Georgia  Railway  Co. 

Southern  Kansas  Railway  Co.  of  Texas. 

Southern  Pacific  Co. 

Southern  Railway  Co. 

Southern  Railway  Co.  in  Mississippi. 

Spokane  International  Railway  Co. 

Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle  Railway  Co. 

Standard  &  Hernando  Raihoad  Co. 

Staten  Island  Railway  Co. 

Staten  Island  Rapid  Transit  Railway  Co. 

Sullivan  County  Railroad. 

Sumpter  Valley  Railway  Co. 

Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad  Co. 

Tacoma  Eastern  Raihoad  Co. 

Tennessee  Central  Railroad  Co. 

Texas  &  New  Orleans  Railroad  Co. 

Texas  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Railway  Co. 

Toledo,  Peoria  &  Western  Railway  Co. 

Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 

Tonopah  &  Goldfield  Railroad  Co. 

Tonopah  &  Tidewater  Railroad  Co. 

Toronto,  Hamilton  &  Buffalo  Railway  Co. 

Tremont  &  Gulf  Railway  Co. 

Trinity  &  Brazos  Valley  Railway  Co. 

Uintah  Railway  Co. 

Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad  Co. 

Union  Pacific  Railroad  Co. 

United  Verde  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Vandalia  Railroad  Co. 

Vicksburg,  Shreveport  &  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Virginia  &  Southwestern  Railway  Co. 

Virginia  &  Truckee  Railway. 

Virginian  Railway  Co. 

Wabash  Railroad" Co. 

Wabash,  Chester  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 

Washington,  Idaho  &  Montana  Railway  Co. 

Washington  Southern  Railway  Co. 

Waynesburg  &  Washington  Railroad  Co. 

West  Jersey  &  Seashore  Railroad  Co. 

Western  Maryland  Railway  Co. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  Co. 

Western  Railway  of  Alabama. 

West  Side  Belt  Railroad  Co. 

Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  Co. 

Wilkes-Barre  &  Eastern  Railroad  Co. 

Williamsport  &  North  Branch  Railroad  Co. 

Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad  Co. 

Yosemite  Valley  Railroad  Co. 

Youngstown  &  Ohio  River  Railroad  Co. 

Zanesville  &  Western  Railway  Co. 


USEFUL  INFOKMATION. 


123 


STATES,  TERRITORIES,  AND  COUNTIES. 

Note  the  orthography  of  names  of  the  following  counties : 


Allegany  in  Maryland  and  New  York. 

Alleghany  in  North  Carolina  and  Virginia. 

Allegheny  in  Pennsylvania. 

Andrew  in  Missouri. 

Andrews  in  Texas. 

Aransas  in  Texas. 

Arkansas  in  Arkansas. 

Barber  in  Kansas. 

Bar  bom  in  Alabama  and  West  Virginia. 

Brooke  in  West  Virginia. 

Brooks  in  Georgia  and  Texas. 

Brown  in  all  States. 

Bulloch  in  Georgia. 

Bullock  in  Alabama. 

Burnet  in  Texas. 

Burnett  in  Wisconsin. 

Cheboygan  in  Michigan;  Sheboygan  in  Wisconsin. 

Clarke  in  Alabama,   Georgia,  Iowa,   Mississippi, 

Virginia,  and  Washington;  all  others  Clark. 
Coffee  in  Alabama,  Georgia,  and  Tennessee. 
Coffey  in  Kansas. 
Coal  in  Oklahoma. 
Cole  in  Missouri. 
Coles  in  Illinois. 
Cook  in  Illinois  and  Minnesota. 
Cooke  in  Texas. 

Davidson  in  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee. 
Davison  in  North  Dakota. 
Davie  in  North  Carolina. 
Daviess  in  Indiana,  Kentucky,  and  Missouri. 
Davis  in  Iowa  and  Utah. 
Dickenson  in  Virginia. 
Dickinson  in  Iowa,  Kansas,  and  Michigan. 
Dickson  in  Tennessee. 
Douglas  in  all  States. 


Glascock  in  Georgia. 
Glasscock  in  Texas. 
Green   in   Kentucky   and   Wisconsin;    all   others 

Greene. 
Johnston  in  North  Carolina  and   Oklahoma;    all 

others  Johnson. 
Kearney  in  Nebraska. 
Kearny  in  Kansas. 
Lawrence  in  all  States. 
Loudon  in  Tennessee. 
Loudoun  in  Virginia. 
Muscogee  in  Georgia. 
Muskogee  in  Oklahoma. 
Park  in  Colorado  and  Montana. 
Parke  in  Indiana. 

Pottawatomie  in  Kansas  and  Oklahoma. 
Pottawattamie  in  Iowa. 
Sanders  in  Montana. 
Saunders  in  Nebraska. 
Smyth  in  Virginia;  all  others  Smith. 
Stanley  in  South  Dakota. 
Stanly  in  North  Carolina. 
Stark  in  Illinois,  North  Dakota,  and  Ohio. 
Starke  in  Indiana. 

Stephens  in  Georgia,  Oklahoma,  and  Texas. 
Stevens  in  Kansas,  Mirmesota,  and  Washington. 
Storey  in  Nevada. 
Story  in  Iowa. 

Terrell  in  Georgia  and  Texas. 
Tyrrell  in  North  Carolina. 
Vermilion  in  all  States. 
Woods  in  Oklahoma;  all  others  Wood. 
Wyandot  in  Ohio. 
Wyandotte  in  Kansas. 


ALABAHA. 

Clarke. 

Clay. 
Cleburne. 

Autauga. 

Baldwin. 

Coffee. 

Barbour. 

Colbert. 

Bibb. 

Conecuh. 

Blount. 

Coosa. 

BuUock. 

Covington. 

Butler. 

Crenshaw. 

Calhoun. 

Cullman. 

Chambers. 

Dale. 

Cherokee. 

DaUas. 

Chilton. 

Dekalb. 

Choctaw. 

Elmore. 

ALASKA.    Alaska 

is  divided  intc 

ARIZONA. 

Coconino. 

Apache. 

Gila. 

Cochise. 

Graham. 

ARKANSAS. 

Conway. 

Craighead. 

Arkansas. 

Crawford. 

Ashley. 

Crittenden. 

Baxter. 

Cross. 

Benton. 

Dallas. 

Boone. 

Desha. 

Bradley. 

Drew. 

Calhoun. 

Faulkner. 

Carroll. 

Franklin. 

Chicot. 

Fulton. 

Clark. 

Garland. 

Clay. 
Cleburne. 

Grant. 

Greene. 

Cleveland. 

Hempstead. 
Hot  Spring. 

Columbia. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Glenn. 

Humboldt. 

Alameda. 

Imi)erial. 

Alpine. 

Inyo. 

Amador. 

Kern. 

Butte. 

Kings. 

Calaveras. 

Lake. 

Colusa. 

Lassen. 

Contra  Costa. 

Los  Angeles 

Del  Norte. 

Madera. 

Eldorado, 

Marin. 

Fresno. 

Mariposa. 

Escambia. 

Lee. 

Pike. 

Etowah. 

Limestone. 

Randolph. 

Fayette. 

Lowndes. 

Russell. 

Franklin. 

Macon. 

St.  Clair. 

Geneva. 

Madison. 

Shelby. 

Greene. 

Marengo. 

Sumter. 

Hale. 

Marion. 

Talladega. 

Henry. 

MarshaU. 

Tallapoosa. 

Houston. 

Mobile. 

Tuscaloosa. 

Jackson. 

Monroe. 

Walker. 

Jefferson. 

Montgomery. 

Washington 

Lamar. 

Morgan. 

Wilcox. 

Lauderdale. 

Perry. 

Winston. 

Lawrence. 

Pickens. 

ial  districts,  and  these  are  divided  into  42  recorders'  d 

Greenlee. 

Navajo. 

Santa  Cruz. 

Maricopa. 

Pima. 

Yavapai. 

Mohave. 

Pinal. 

Yuma. 

Howard. 

Miller. 

Randolph. 

Independence. 
Izard. 

Mississippi. 

St.  Francis. 

Monroe. 

Saline. 

Jackson. 

Montgomery. 

Scott. 

Jefferson. 

Nevada. 

Searcy. 

Johnson. 

Newton. 

Sebastian. 

Lafayette. 

Ouachita. 

Sevier. 

Lawrence. 

Perry. 
Phillips. 

Sharp. 

Lee. 

Stone. 

Lincoln. 

Pike. 

Union. 

Little  River. 

Poinsett. 

Van  Buren. 

Logan. 

Polk. 

Washington 

Lonoke. 

Pope. 

White. 

Madison. 

Prairie. 

Woodruff. 

Marion. 

Pulaski. 

Yell. 

Mendocino. 

San  Benito. 

Siskiyou. 

Merced. 

San  Bernardino. 

Solano. 

Modoc. 

San  Diego. 

Sonoma. 

Mono. 

San  Francisco. 

Stanislaus. 

Monterey. 

San  Joaquin. 

Sutter. 

Napa. 

San  Luis  Obispo. 

Tehama. 

Nevada. 

San  Mateo. 

Trinity. 

Orange. 

Santa  Barbara. 

Tulare. 

Placer. 

Santa  Clara. 

Tuolumne. 

Plumas. 

Santa  Cruz. 

Ventura. 

Riverside. 

Shasta. 

Yolo. 

Sacramento. 

Sierra. 

Yuba. 

124 


RULES   AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


COLORADO. 

Crowley. 

Gtinnison. 

Custer. 

Hinsdale. 

Adams. 

Delta. 

Huerfano. 

Arapahoe. 
Archuleta. 

Denver. 

Jackson. 

Dolores. 

Jefferson. 

Baca. 

Douglas. 
Eagle. 
El  Paso. 

Kiowa. 

Bent. 

Kit  Carson. 

Boulder. 

La  Plata. 

Chaffee. 

Elbert. 

Lake. 

Cheyenne. 

Fremont. 

Larimer. 

Clear  Creek, 

Garfield. 

Las  Animas. 

Conejos. 
CostUla. 

Gilpin. 

Lincohi. 

Grand. 

Logan. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Fairfield. 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 

Middlesex. 

DELAWARE. 

Kent. 

New  Castle. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

FLORIDA. 

Dade. 

Jackson. 

De  Soto. 

Jefferson. 

Alachua. 

Duval. 

Lafayette. 

Baker. 

Escambia. 

Lake. 

Bradford. 

Franklin. 

Lee. 

Brevard. 

Gadsden. 

Leon. 

Calhoun. 

Hamilton. 

Levy. 

Citrus. 

Hernando. 

Liberty. 

Clay. 

Hillsborough. 

Madison. 

Columbia. 

Holmes. 

Manatee. 

GEORGIA..     . 

Cobb. 

Grady. 

Coffee. 

Greene. 

iSf^^- 

Colquitt. 

Gwinnett. 

Columbia. 

Habersham. 

Baldwin. 

Coweta. 

Hall. 

Banks. 

Crawford. 

Hancock. 

Bartow. 

Crisp. 
Dad^. 

Haralson. 

Ben  HUl. 

Harris. 

Berrien. 

Dawson. 

Hart. 

Bibb. 

Decatur. 

Heard. 

Bleckley. 

Dekalb. 

Henry. 

Brooks. 

Dodge. 
Dooly. 

Houston. 

Bryan. 

Irwin. 

Bulloch. 

Dougherty. 

Jackson. 

Burke. 

Douglas. 

Jasper. 
Jeff  Davis. 

Butts. 

Early. 

Calhoun. 

Echols. 

Jefferson. 

Camden. 

Effingham. 

Jenkins. 

Campbell. 

Elbert. 

Johnson. 

Carroll. 

Emanuel. 

Jones. 

Catoosa. 

Fannin. 

Laurens. 

Charlton. 

Fayette. 

Lee. 

Chatham. 

Floyd. 

Liberty. 

Chattahoochee. 

Forsyth. 

Lincoln. 

Chattooga. 

Franklin. 

Lowndes. 

Cherokee. 

Fulton. 

Lumpkin. 

Clarke. 

GUmer. 

McDuffie. 

Clay. 

Glascock. 

Mcintosh. 

Clayton. 

Glynn. 

Macon. 

CUnch. 

Gordon. 

Madison. 

GUAM. 

Guam  Island. 

HAWAU. 

Hawaii. 
Honolulu. 

Kalawao. 

IDAHO. 

Blaine. 

Custer. 

Boise. 

Elmore. 

Ada. 

Bonner. 

Franklin. 

Adams. 

Boone  ville. 

Fremont. 

Bannock. 

Canyon. 

Gooding. 

Bear  Lake. 

Cassia. 

Idaho. 

Bingham. 

Clearwater. 

Kootenai. 

ILLINOIS. 

Champaign. 

Douglas. 

Christian. 

Dupage. 

Adams. 

Clark. 

Edgar. 

Alexand«r. 

Clay. 

Edwards. 

Bond. 

Clmton. 

Effingham. 

Boono. 

Coles. 

Fayette. 

Brown. 

Cook. 

Ford. 

Bureau. 

Crawford. 

Franklin. 

Calhoun. 

Cumberland. 

Fulton. 

Carroll. 

Dekalb. 

Gallatin. 

Cass. 

Dewitt. 

Greene. 

Mesa. 

Rio  Blanco. 

Mineral. 

Rio  Grande. 

Moffat. 

Routt. 

Montezuma. 

Saguache. 

Montrose. 

San  Juan. 

Morgan. 

San  Miguel. 

Otero. 

Sedgwick. 

Ouray. 

Summit. 

Park. 

Teller. 

Phillips. 

Washington. 

Pitkin. 

Weld. 

Prowers. 

Yuma. 

Pueblo. 

New  Haven. 

Tolland. 

New  London. 

Windham. 

Sussex. 


Marion. 

Monroe. 

Nassau. 

Orange. 

Osceola. 

Palm  Beach. 

Pasco. 

Pinellas. 

Polk. 

Putnam. 

Marion. 

Meriwether. 

Miller. 

Milton. 

Mitchell. 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Morgan. 

Murray. 

Muscogee. 

.Newton. 

Oconee. 

Oglethorpe. 

Paulding. 

Pickens. 

Pierce. 

Pike. 

Polk. 

Pulaski. 

Putnam. 

Quitman. 

Rabun. 

Randolph. 

Richmond. 

Rockdale. 

Schley. 

Screven. 

Spalding. 

Stephens. 

Stewart. 


Kauai. 


Latah. 

Lemhi. 

Lewis. 

Lincoln. 

Minidoka. 

Nez  Perce. 

Oneida. 

Grundy. 

Hamilton. 

Hancock. 

Hardin. 

Henderson. 

Henry. 

Iroquois. 

Jackson. 

Jasper. 

Jefferson. 

Jersey. 


St.  John. 

St.  Lucie. 

Santa  Rosa. 

Sumter. 

Suwannee. 

Tavlor. 

Volusia. 

Wakulla. 

Walton. 

Washington. 

Sumter. 

Talbot. 

Taliaferro. 

Tattnall. 

Taylor. 

Telfair. 

Terrell. 

Thomas. 

Tift. 

Toombs. 

Towns. 

Troup. 

Turner. 

Twiggs. 

Union. 

Upson. 

Walker. 

Walton. 

Ware. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Webster. 

Wheeler. 

White. 

Whitfield. 

Wilcox. 

Wilkes. 

Wilkinson. 

Worth 


Maui. 


Owyhee. 
Power. 
Shoshone. 
Twin  Falls. 
Washington. 


Jo  Daviess. 

Johnson. 

Kane. 

Kankakee. 

Kendall. 

Knox. 

La  Salle. 

Lake. 

Lawrence. 

Lee 

Livingston. 


USEFUL  INFOEMATION-. 


125 


ILLINOIS— Con. 


McX)onough. 

Massac. 

Piatt. 

Sangamon. 

Warren. 

Menard. 

Pike. 

Schuyler. 

Washington. 

McHenry. 

Mercer. 

Pope. 
Pulaski. 

Scott. 

Wayne.     ' 

McLean. 

Monroe. 

Shelby. 

White. 

Macon, 

Montgomery. 

Putnam. 

Stark. 

Whiteside. 

Macoupin. 

Morgan. 
Moultrie. 

Randolph. 

Stephenson. 

Will. 

Madison. 

Richland. 

Tazewell. 

Williamson. 

Marion. 

Ogle. 

Rock  Island. 

Union. 

Winnebago. 
Woodford. 

Marshall. 

Peoria. 

St.  Clair. 

VermUion. 

Mason. 

Perry. 

Saline. 

Wabash. 

INDIANA. 

Delaware. 

Jasper. 

Newton. 

Starke. 

Dubois. 

Jay 

Jefferson. 

Noble. 

Steuben. 

Adams. 

Elkhart. 

Ohio. 

SuUivan. 

Allen. 

Fayette. 

Jennings. 

Orange. 

Switzerland. 

Bartholomew. 

Floyd. 

Johnson. 

Owen. 

Tippecanoe. 

Benton. 

Fountain. 

Knox. 

Parke. 

Tipton. 

Blackford. 

Franklin. 

Kosciusko. 

Perry. 

Union. 

Boone. 

Fulton. 

Y'St^'- 

Pike. 

Vanderburg. 

Brown. 

Gibson. 

Porter. 

Vermilion. 

Carroll. 

Grant. 

Laporte. 

Posey. 

Vigo. 

Cass. 

Greene. 

Lawrence. 

Pulaski. 

Wabash. 

Clark. 

Hamilton. 

Madison. 

Putnam. 

Warren. 

Clay. 

Hancock. 

Marion. 

Randolph. 

Warrick. 

Clinton. 

Harrison. 

Marshall. 

Ripley. 

Washington. 

Crawford. 

Hendricks. 

Martin. 

Rush. 

Wayne. 
Wells. 

Daviess. 

Henry. 

Miami. 

St.  Joseph. 

Dearborn. 

Howard. 

Monroe. 

Scott. 

White. 

Decatiu-. 

Huntington. 

Montgomery. 

Shelby. 

Whitley. 

Dekalb. 

Jackson. 

Morgan. 

Spencer. 

IOWA. 

Clarke. 

Hamilton. 

Lyon. 
Madison. 

Ringgold. 

Clay. 

Hancock. 

Sac 

Adair. 

Clayton. 

Hardin. 

Mahaska. 

Scott. 

Adams. 

Clinton. 

Harrison. 

Marion. 

Shelby. 

Allamakee. 

Crawford. 

Henry. 

MarshaU. 

Sioux. 

Appanoose. 

Dallas. 

Howard. 

Mills. 

Story. 

Audubon. 

Davis. 

Humboldt. 

MitcheU. 

Tama. 

Benton. 

Decatur. 

Ida. 

Monona. 

Taylor. 

Blackhawk. 

Delaware. 

Iowa. 

Monroe. 

Union. 

Boone. 

Des  Moines. 

Jackson. 

Montgomery. 

Van  Buren. 

Bremer. 

Dickinson. 

Jasper. 
Jefferson. 

Muscatine. 

WapeUo. 

Buchanan. 

Dubuque. 

O'Brien. 

Warren. 

Buena  Vista. 

Emmet. 

Johnson. 

Osceola. 

Washington. 

Butler. 

Fayette. 

Jones. 

Page. 
Palo  Alto. 

Wayne. 
Webster. 

Calhoun. 

Floyd. 

Keokuk. 

CarroU. 

Franklin. 

Kossuth. 

Plymouth. 

Winnebago. 

Cass. 

Fremont. 

Lee. 

Pocahontas. 

Winneshiek. 

Cedar. 

Greene. 

Linn. 

Polk. 

Woodbury. 

Cerro  Gordo. 

Grundy. 

Louisa. 

Pottawattamie. 

Worth. 

Cherokee. 

Guthrie. 

Lucas. 

Poweshiek. 

Wright. 

Chickasaw. 

KANSAS. 

Dickinson. 

Jackson. 

Morris. 

Saline. 

Doniphan. 
Douglas. 

Jefferson. 

Morton. 

Scott. 

Allen. 

Jewell. 

Nemaha. 

Sedgwick. 

Anderson. 

Edwards. 

Johnson. 

Neosho. 

Seward. 

Atchison. 

Elk. 

Kearny. 

Ness. 

Shawnee. 

Barber. 

Ellis. 

Kingman. 

Norton. 

Sheridan. 

Barton. 

Ellsworth. 

Kiowa. 

Osage. 

Sherman. 

Boiu-bon. 

Finney. 

Labette. 

Osborne. 

Smith. 

Brown. 

Ford. 

Lane. 

Ottawa. 

Stafford. 

Butler. 

Franklin. 

Leavenworth. 

Pawnee. 

Stanton. 

Chase. 

Geary. 

Lincoln. 

Phillips. 

Stevens. 

Chautauqua. 

Gove. 

Linn. 

Pottawatomie. 

Sumner. 

Cherokee. 

Graham. 

Logan. 

Pratt. 

Thomas. 

Cheyenne. 
Clark. 

Grant. 

Lyon. 
McPherson. 

Rawlins. 

Wabaunsee. 

Gray. 

Reno. 

Clay. 

Greeley. 

Marion. 

Republic. 

WaUace. 

Cloud. 

Greenwood. 

Marshall. 

Rice. 

Washington. 

Coffey. 

Hamilton. 

Meade. 

Riley. 
Rooks. 

Wichita. 

Comanche. 

Harper. 

Miami. 

Wilson. 

Cowley. 

Harvey. 
HaskeU. 

Mitchell. 

Rush, 

Woodson. 

Crawford. 

Montgomery. 

RusseU. 

Wyandotte. 

Decatur. 

Hodgeman. 

KENTXrCKY. 

Boyd. 

Carroll. 

Elliott. 

Grayson. 

Boyle. 

Carter. 

Estill. 

Green. 

Adair. 

Bracken. 

Casey. 

Fayette. 

Greenup. 
Hancock. 

Allen. 

Breathitt. 

Christian. 

Fleming. 
Floyd. 

Anderson. 

Breckinridge. 

Clark. 

Hardin. 

Ballard. 

Bullitt. 

Clay. 

Franklin. 

Harlan. 

Barren. 

Butler. 

Clinton. 

Fulton. 

Harrison. 

Bath. 

Caldwell. 

Crittenden. 

Gallatin. 

Hart. 

Bell. 

Calloway. 
Campbell. 
Carlisle. 

Cumberland. 

Garrard. 

Henderson. 

Boone. 

Daviess. 

Grant. 

Hemy. 

Bourbon. 

Edmonson. 

Graves. 

Hickman. 

126 


RULES  AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION. 


KENTUCKY— Con. 


Hopkins. 
Jackson. 

Lewis. 

Meade. 

Pendleton. 

Todd. 

Lincohi. 

Menifee. 

Perry. 

Trigg. 

Jefferson. 

Livingston. 

Mercer. 

Pike. 

Trimble. 

Jessamine. 

Logan. 

Metcalfe. 

Powell. 

Union. 

Johnson. 

Lyon. 
McCracken, 

Monroe. 

Pulaski. 

Warren. 

Kenton. 

Montgomery, 

Robertson. 

Washmgton. 

Knott. 

McCreary. 

Morgan. 

Rockcastle. 

Wayne, 
Webster. 

Knox. 

McLean. 

Muhlenberg. 

Rowan. 

Larue. 

Madison. 

Nelson. 

Russell. 

Whitlev. 

Laurel. 

Magoffin. 

Nicholas. 

Scott, 

Wolfe, ' 

Lawrence. 

Marion. 

Ohio. 

Shelby, 

Woodford. 

Lee. 

MarshaU. 

Oldham. 

Simpson. 

Leslie. 

Martin. 

Owen. 

Spencer. 
Taylor. 

Letcher. 

Mason. 

Owsley. 

LOUISIANA 

Cameron. 

Jefferson. 

Pointe  Coupee. 

St.  Tammany. 

(Parishes). 

Catahoula. 

Jefferson  Davis. 

Rapides. 
Red  River. 

Tangipahoa. 

Claiborne. 

La  Salle. 

Tensas. 

Acadia. 

Concordia. 

Lafayette. 

Richland. 

Terrebonne. 

AUen. 

De  Soto. 

Lafourche. 

Sabine, 

Union. 

Ascension. 

East  Baton  Rouge. 

Lincoln. 

St,  Bernard. 

Vermilion. 

Assumption. 

East  Carroll. 

Livingston. 

St.  Charles. 

Vernon. 

Avoyelles. 

East  Feliciana. 

Madison. 

St.  Helena. 

Washington. 

Beauregard. 

EvangeUne. 

Morehouse. 

St.  James. 

Webster, 

BienviUe. 

Franklin. 

Natchitoches. 

St.  John  the  Baptist 

.  West  Baton  Rouge 

Bossier. 

Grant. 

Orleans. 

St.  Landry. 

West  Carroll, 

Caddo. 

Iberia. 

Ouachita. 

St,  Martin. 

West  Feliciana. 

Calcasieu. 

Iberville. 

Plaquemines. 

St.  Mary. 

Winn. 

Caldwell. 

Jackson. 

MAINE. 

Cumberland. 

Ejiox. 

Piscataquis, 

Waldo, 

Franklin. 

Lincoln. 

Sagadahoc. 

Washington. 

Androscoggin. 

Hancock. 

Oxford. 

Somerset. 

York. 

Aroostook. 

Kennebec. 

Penobscot. 

MARYLAND. 

Calvert. 

Dorchester. 

Kent. 

Somerset. 

Caroline. 

Frederick. 

Montgomery. 

Talbot. 

Allegany. 

Carroll. 

Garrett. 

Prince  Georges. 

Washington. 

Anne  Arundel. 

Cecil. 

Harford, 

Queen  Annes. 

Wicomico. 

Baltimore. 

Charles. 

Howard. 

St.  Marys. 

Worcester. 

Baltimore  City. 

MASSACHU- 

Berkshire. 

Franklin. 

Middlesex. 

Plymouth. 

SETTS. 

Bristol. 

Hampden. 

Nantucket, 

Suffolk. 

Dukes. 

Hampshire. 

Norfolk. 

Worcester. 

Barnstable. 

Essex. 

MICHIGAN. 

Cheboygan. 

Ingham. 

Macomb, 

Osceola. 

Chippewa. 

Ionia. 

Manistee, 

Oscoda. 

Alcona. 

Claret 

Iosco. 

Marquette. 

Otsego. 

Alger. 

Clinton. 

Iron. 

Mason, 

Ottawa. 

Allegan. 

Crawford. 

Isabella. 

Mecosta. 

Presque  Isle. 

Alpena. 

Delta. 

Jackson. 

,  Menominee. 

Roscommon. 

Antrim. 

Dickinson. 

Kalamazoo. 

Midland. 

Saginaw, 

Arenac. 

Eaton, 

Kalkaska. 

Missaukee. 

St.  Clair. 

Baraga. 

Emmet. 

Kent. 

Monroe. 

St.  Joseph. 

Barry. 

Genesee. 

Keweenaw. 

Montcalm. 

Sanilac. 

Bay. 

Gladwin. 

Lake. 

Montmorency. 

Schoolcraft. 

Benzie. 

Gogebic. 

Lapeer. 

Muskegon. 

Shiawassee. 

Berrien. 

Grand  Traverse. 

Leelanau. 

Newaygo. 

Tuscola. 

Branch. 

Gratiot. 

Lenawee. 

Oakland. 

Van  Buren. 

Calhoun. 

Hillsdale. 

Livingston. 

Oceana, 

Washtenaw. 

Cass. 

Houghton. 

Luce. 

Ogemaw. 

Wayne. 

Charlevoix. 

Huron. 

Mackinac. 

Ontonagon. 

Wexford. 

MINNESOTA. 

Cottonwood. 

Kittson. 

Norman. 

Sherburne. 

Crow  Wing. 

Koochiching. 

Olmsted, 

Sibley. 

Aitkin. 

Dakota. 

Lac  qui  Parle. 

Otter  Tail. 

Stearns. 

Anoka. 

Dodge. 

Lake. 

Pennington. 

Steele. 

Becker. 

Douglas. 
Faribault. 

Le  Sueur. 

Pine. 

Stevens. 

Beltrami. 

Lincoln. 

Pipestone. 

Swift. 

Benton. 

Fillmore. 

Lyon. 
McLeod. 

Polk. 

Todd. 

Big  Stone. 

Freeborn. 

Pope. 

Traverse, 

Blue  Earth. 

Goodhue. 

Mahnomen. 

Ramsey. 

Wabasha. 

Brown. 

Grant. 

Marshall. 

Red  Lake. 

Wadena, 

Carlton. 

Hennepin. 

Martin. 

Redwood. 

Waseca. 

Carver. 

Houston. 

Meeker. 

Renville. 

Washington. 

Cass. 

Hubbard. 

Mille  Lacs. 

Rice. 

Watonwan. 

Chippewa. 

Isanti. 

Morrison. 

Rock, 

Wilkin. 

Chisago. 

Itasca. 

Mower. 

Roseau. 

Winona. 

Clay. 

Jackson. 

Murray. 

St.  Louis. 

Wright. 

Clearwater. 

Kanabec. 

Nicollet. 

Scott. 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Cook. 

Kandiyohi. 

Nobles. 

USEFUL  INFOKMATION. 


127 


MISSISSIPPI. 

Covington. 

Jefferson  Davis. 

Montgomery. 

Smith. 

De  Soto. 

Jones. 

Neshoba. 

Sunflower. 

Adams. 

Forrest. 

Kemper. 

Newton. 

Tallahatchie. 

Alcorn. 

Franklin. 

Lafayette. 

Noxubee. 

Tate. 

Amite. 

George. 

Lamar. 

Oktibbeha. 

Tippah. 
Tishomingo. 

Attala. 

Greene. 

Lauderdale. 

Panola. 

Benton. 

Grenada. 

Lawrence. 

Pearl  River. 

Tunica. 

Bolivar. 

Hancock. 

Leake. 

Perry. 

Union. 

Calhoun. 

Harrison. 

Lee. 

Pike. 

Warren. 

Carroll. 

Hinds. 

Leflo.e. 

Pontotoc. 

Washington. 

Chickasaw. 

Holmes. 

Lincoln. 

Prentiss. 

Wayne. 
Webster. 

Choctaw. 

Issaquena. 

Lowndes. 

Quitman. 

Claiborne. 

Itawamba. 

Madison. 

Rankin. 

Wilkinson. 

Clarke. 

Jackson. 

Marion 

Scott. 

Winston. 

Clay. 

Jasper. 
Jefferson. 

Marshall. 

Sharkey. 

Yalobusha. 

Coahoma. 
Copiah. 

Monroe. 

Simpson. 

Yazoo. 

MISSOURI. 

Clark. 

Iron. 

Montgomery. 

St.  Clair. 

Clay. 

Jackson. 

Morgan. 

St.  Francois. 

Adair. 

Clinton. 

Jasper. 
Jefferson. 

New  Madrid. 

St.  Louis. 

Andrew. 

Cole. 

Newton. 

St.  Louis  City. 

Atchison. 

Cooper. 

Johnson. 

Nodaway. 

Ste.  Genevieve. 

Audrain. 

Crawford. 

Knox. 

Oregon. 

Saline. 

Barry. 

Dade. 

Laclede. 

Osage. 

Schuyler. 

Barton. 

Dallas. 

Lafayette. 

Ozark. 

Scotland. 

Bates. 

Daviess. 

Lawrence. 

Pemiscot. 

Scott. 

Benton. 

Dekalb. 

Lewis. 

Perry. 

Shannon. 

Bollinger. 

Dent. 

Lincoln. 

Pettis. 

Shelby. 

Boone. 

Douglas. 
Dunklin. 

Linn. 

Phelps. 

Stoddard. 

Buchanan. 

Livingston. 

Pike. 

Stone. 

Butler. 

Franklin. 

McDonald. 

Platte. 

Sullivan. 

Caldwell. 

Gasconade. 

Macon. 

Polk. 

Taney. 

Callaway. 

Gentry. 

Madison. 

Pulaski. 

Texas. 

Camden. 

Greene. 

Maries. 

Putnam. 

Vernon. 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Grundy. 

Marion. 

Ralls. 

Warren. 

Carroll. 

Harrison. 

Mercer. 

Randolph. 

Washington. 

Carter. 

Henry. 

Miller. 

Ray. 

Wayne. 
Webster. 

Cass. 

Hickory 

Mississippi. 

Reynolds. 

Cedar. 

Holt. 

Moniteau. 

Ripley. 

Worth. 

Chariton. 

Howard. 

Monroe. 

St.  Charles. 

Wright. 

Christian. 

Howell. 

MONTANA. 

Chouteau. 

Hill. 

Park. 

Sweet  Grass. 

Custer. 

Jefferson. 

Powell. 

Teton. 

Beaverhead. 

Dawson. 

Lewis  and  Clark. 

Ravalli. 

Valley. 

Big  Horn. 

Deer  Lodge. 

Lincoln. 

Rosebud. 

Yellowstone. 

Blaine. 

Fergus. 

Madison. 

Sanders. 

Broadwater. 

Flathead. 

Meagher. 

Sheridan. 

Carbon. 

GaUatin. 

Missoula. 

Silver  Bow. 

Cascade. 

Granite. 

Musselshell. 

Stillwater. 

NEBRASKA. 

Colfax. 

Grant. 

Logan. 

Saline. 

Cuming. 

Greeley. 

Loup. 

Sarpy. 

Adams. 

Custer. 

Hall. 

McPherson. 

Saunders. 

Antelope. 

Dakota. 

Hamilton. 

Madison. 

Scotts  Bluff. 

Banner. 

Dawes. 

Harlan. 

Merrick. 

Seward. 

Blaine. 

Dawson. 

Haves. 

Morrill. 

Sheridan. 

Boone. 

Deuel. 

Hitchcock. 

Nance. 

Sherman. 

Box  Butte. 

Dixon. 

Holt. 

Nemaha. 

Sioux. 

Boyd. 

Dodge. 

Hooker. 

Nuckolls. 

Stanton. 

Brown. 

Douglas. 

Howard. 

Otoe. 

Thayer. 

Buffalo. 

Dundy. 

Jefferson. 

Pawnee. 

Thomas. 

Burt. 

Fillmore. 

Johnson. 

Perkins. 

Thurston. 

Butler. 

Franklin. 

Kearney. 

Phelps. 

Valley. 

Cass. 

Frontier. 

Keith. 

Pierce. 

Washington. 

Cedar. 

Furnas. 

Keyapaha. 

Platte. 

Wayne. 

Chase. 

Gage. 

Kimball. 

Polk. 

Webster. 

Cherry. 

Garden. 

Knox. 

Redwillow. 

Wheeler. 

Cheyenne. 

Garfield. 

T,ancaster. 

Richardson. 

York. 

Clay. 

Gosper. 

Lincoln. 

Rock. 

NEVADA. 

Douglas. 

Humboldt. 

Mineral. 

Storey. 

Elko. 

Lander. 

Nye. 

Washoe. 

Churchill. 

Esmeralda. 

Lincoln. 

Ormsby. 

White  Pme. 

Clark. 

Eureka. 

Lyon. 

NEW 

Belknap. 

Coos. 

Merrimack. 

Strafford. 

HAMPSHIRE. 

Carroll. 
Cheshire. 

Grafton. 
Hillsborough. 

Rockingham. 

Sullivan. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Camden. 

Hudson. 

Morris. 

Sussex. 

Cape  May. 

Hunterdon. 

Ocean. 

Union. 

Atlantic. 

Cumberland. 

Mercer. 

Passaic. 

Warren. 

Burlington. 

Essex. 

Middlesex. 

Salem. 

Gloucester. 

Monmouth. 

Somerset. 

128 


RULES  AND   STYLE   OF   COMPOSITION, 


NEW  MEXICO. 

Dona  Ana. 

McKinley. 

San  Juan. 

Socorro. 

Eddy. 

Mora. 

San  Miguel. 

Taos. 

Bernalillo. 

Grant. 

Otero. 

Sandoval. 

Torrance. 

Chaves. 

Guadalupe. 

Quay. 

Santa  Fe. 

Union. 

Colfax. 

Lincoln. 

Rio  Arriba. 

Sierra. 

Valencia. 

Curry. 

Luna. 

Roosevelt. 

NEW  YORE. 

Cortland. 

Lewis. 

Oswego. 

Steuben. 

Delaware. 

Livingston. 

Otsego. 

Suffolk. 

Albany. 

Dutchess. 

Madison. 

Putnam. 

Sullivan. 

Allegany. 

Erie. 

Monroe. 

Queens. 

Tioga. 

Bronx. 

Essex. 

Montgomery.  • 

Rensselaer. 

Tompkms. 

Broome. 

Franklin. 

Nassau. 

Richmond. 

Ulster. 

Cattaraugus. 

Fulton. 

New  York. 

Rockland. 

Warren. 

Cayuga. 

Genesee. 

Niagara. 

St.  Lawrence. 

Washington. 

Chautauqua. 

Greene. 

Oneida. 

Saratoga. 

Wayne. 

Chemung. 

Hamilton. 

Onondaga. 

Schenectady. 

Westchester. 

Chenango. 

Herkimer. 

Ontario. 

Scoharie. 

Wyoming. 

Clinton. 

Jefferson. 

Orange. 

Schuyler. 

Yates. 

Columbia. 

Kings. 

Orleans. 

Seneca. 

NORTH 

Chatham. 

Greene. 

Mitchell. 

Rutherford. 

CAROLINA. 

Cherokee, 

Guilford. 

Montgomery. 

Sampson. 
Scotland. 

Chowan. 

Halifax. 

Moore. 

Alamance. 

Clay. 

Harnett. 

Nash. 

Stanly. 

Alexander. 

Cleveland. 

Haywood. 

New  Hanover. 

Stokes. 

Alleghany. 

Columbus. 

Henderson. 

Northampton. 

Surry. 
Swam. 

Anson. 

Craven. 

Hertford. 

Onslow. 

Ashe. 

Cumberland. 

Hoke. 

Orange. 

Transylvania. 
Tyrrell. 

Avery. 

Currituck. 

Hyde. 

PamUco. 

Beaufort. 

Dare. 

Iredell. 

Pasquotank. 
Pender. 

Union. 

Bertie. 

Davidson. 

Jackson. 

Vance. 

Bladen. 

Davie. 

Johnston. 

Perquimans. 

Wake. 

Brunswick. 

Duplin. 

Jones. 

Person. 

Warren. 

Buncombe. 

Durham. 

Lee. 

Pitt. 

Washington. 

Burke. 

Edgecombe. 

Lenoir. 

Polk. 

Watauga. 

Cabarrus. 

Forsyth. 

Lincohi. 

Randolph. 

Wayne. 

Wilkes. 

Caldwell. 

Franklin. 

McDowell. 

Richmond. 

Camden. 

Gaston. 

Macon. 

Robeson. 

Wilson. 

Carteret. 

Gates. 

Madison. 

Rockmgham. 

Yadkin. 

Caswell. 

Graham. 

Martin. 

Rowan. 

Yancey. 

Catawba. 

Granville. 

Mecklenburg. 

NORTH 

Cass. 

Hettinger. 

Nelson. 

Sheridan. 

DAKOTA. 

Cavalier. ' 

Kidder. 

OUver. 

Stark. 

Dickey. 

Lamoure. 

Pembina. 

Steele. 

Adams. 

Divide. 

Logan. 

McHenry. 

Mcintosh. 

Pierce. 

Stutsman. 

Barnes. 

Dunn. 

Ramsey. 

Towner. 

Benson. 

Eddy. 

Ransom. 

Traill. 

Billings. 

Emmons. 

McKenzie. 

Renville. 

Walsh. 

Bottineau. 

Foster. 

McLean. 

Richland. 

Ward. 

Bowman. 

Golden  Valley. 

Mercer. 

Rolette. 

Wells. 

Burke. 

Grand  Forks. 

Morton. 

Sargent. 

Williams. 

Burleigh. 

Griggs. 

Mountrail. 

OHIO. 

Crawford. 

Henry. 
Highland. 

Meigs. 

Ross. 

Cuyahoga. 

Mercer. 

Sandusky. 

Adams. 

Darke. 

Hocking. 

Miami. 

Scioto. 

AUen. 

Defiance. 

Holmes. 

Monroe. 

Seneca. 

Ashland. 

Delaware. 

Huron. 

Montgomery. 

Shelby. 

Ashtabula. 

Erie. 

Jackson. 

Morgan. 

Stark. 

Athens. 

Fairfield. 

Jefferson. 

Morrow. 

Summit. 

Auglaize. 

Fayette. 

ICnox. 

Muskingum. 

Trumbull. 

Belmont. 

Frankhn. 

Lake. 

Noble. 

Tuscarawas. 

Brown. 

Fulton. 

Lawrence. 

Ottawa. 

Union. 

Butler. 

Gallia. 

Licking. 

Pauldmg. 

Van  Wert. 

Carroll. 

Geauga. 

Logan. 

Perry. 

Vmton. 

Champaign. 

Greene. 

Lorain. 

Pickaway. 

Warren. 

Clark. 

Guernsey. 

Lucas. 

Pike. 

Washington. 

Clermont. 

Hamilton. 

Madison. 

Portage. 

Wayne. 
Williams. 

Clinton. 

Hancock. 

Mahoning. 

Preble. 

Columbiana. 

Hardin. 

Marion. 

Putnam. 

Wood. 

Coshocton. 

Harrison. 

Medina. 

Richland. 

Wyandot. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Coal. 

Haskell. 

Major. 

Pottawatomie. 

Comanche. 

Hughes. 

Marshall. 

Pushmataha. 

Adair. 

Cotton. 

Jackson. 

Mayes. 

Roger  Mills. 

Alfalfa. 

Craie. 
Creek. 

Jefferson. 

Murray. 

Rogers. 

Atoka. 

Johnston. 

Muskogee. 

Seminole. 

Beaver. 

Custer. 

Kay. 

Noble. 

Sequoyah. 

Beckham. 

Delaware. 

Kingfisher. 

Nowata. 

Stephens. 

Blame. 

Dewey. 

Kiowa. 

Okfuskee. 

Texas. 

Bryan. 

Ellis. 

Latimer. 

Oklahoma. 

Tillman. 

Caddo. 

Garfield. 

Le  Flore. 

Okmulgee. 

Tulsa. 

Canadian. 

Garvin. 

Lincohi. 

Osage. 

Wagoner. 

Carter. 

Grady. 

Logan. 

Ottawa. 

Washington. 

Cherokee. 

Grant. 

Love. 

Pawnee. 

Washita. 

Choctaw. 

Greer. 

McClain. 

Payne. 

Woods 

Cimarron. 

Harmon. 

McCurtain. 

Pittsburg. 

Woodward. 

Cleveland. 

Harper. 

Mcintosh. 

Pontotoc,. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


129 


OREGON. 

Crook. 

Josephine. 

Morrow. 

Wasco. 

Curry. 

Klamath. 

Multnomah. 

Washington. 

Baker. 

Douglas. 

Lake. 

Polk. 

Wheeler. 

Benton, 

Gilliam. 

T/ane. 

Sherman. 

YamhUl. 

Clackamas. 

Grant. 

Lincoln. 

Tillamook. 

Clatsop. 

Harney. 
Hood  River. 

Linn. 

Umatilla. 

Columbia. 

Malheur. 

Union. 

Coos. 

Jackson. 

Marion. 

Wallowa. 

PENNSYL- 

Cameron. 

Fayette. 

Luzerne. 

Schuylkill. 

VANIA. 

Carbon. 

Forest. 

Lycoming. 
McKean. 

Snyder. 

Center. 

Franlflin, 

Somerset. 

Adams. 

Chester. 

Fulton. 

Mercer. 

Sullivan. 

Allegheny. 

Clarion. 

Greene. 

Mifflin. 

Susquehanna. 

Armstrong. 

Clearfield. 

Huntingdon. 

Monroe. 

Tioga. 

Beaver. 

Clinton. 

Indiana. 

Montgomery. 

Union. 

Bedford. 

Columbia. 

Jefferson. 

Montour. 

Venango. 

Berks. 

Crawford. 

Juniata. 

Northampton. 
Northumberland. 

Warren. 

Blair. 

Cumberland. 

Lackawanna. 

Washington. 

Bradford. 

Dauphin. 

Lancaster. 

Perry. 

Wa>Tie. 

Bucks. 

Delaware. 

Lawrence. 

Philadelphia. 

Westmoreland. 

Butler. 

Elk. 

Lebanon. 

Pike. 

Wyoming. 

Cambria. 

Erie. 

Lehigh. 

Potter. 

York. 

PHILIPPINE 

Batanes. 

Ilocos  Sur. 

Mountain. 

Samar. 

ISLANDS 

Batangas. 

Iloilo. 

Nueva  Ecija. 

Sorsogon. 

(Provinces). 

Bohol. 

Isabela. 

Nueva  Vizcaya. 
Occidental  Negros. 

Surigao. 

Bulacan. 

Laguna. 
La  Union. 

Tarlac. 

Agusan. 
Albay. 

Cagayan. 

Oriental  Negros. 

Tayabas. 

Capiz. 

Leyte. 

Palawan. 

Zambales. 

Ambos  Camarines. 

Cavite. 

Mindoro. 

Pampanga. 

Antique. 

Cebu. 

Misamis. 

Pangasinan. 

Bataan. 

Ilocos  Norte. 

Moro. 

Rizai. 

PORTO  RICO 

Cabo  Rojo. 

Gurabo. 

Moro  vis. 

San  Sebastian. 

(MunicipaUties). 

Caguas. 

Hatillo. 

Naguabo. 

Santa  Isabel. 

Camuy. 

Humacao. 

Naranjito. 

Toa  Alta. 

Adjuntas. 

Carolina. 

Isabela. 

Patillas. 

Toa  Baja. 

Aguada. 

Cayey. 

Juana  Diaz. 

Penuelas. 

Trujillo  Alto. 

AguadiUa. 

Ciales. 

Juncos. 

Ponce. 

Utuado. 

Aguas  Buenas. 
Aibonito. 

Cidra. 

Lajas. 

QuebradiUas. 

Vega  Alta. 

Coamo. 

Lares. 

Rincon. 

Vega  Baja. 

Anasco. 

Comerio. 

Las  Marias. 

Rio  Grande. 

Vieques. 

Arecibo. 

Corozal. 

Lolza. 

Rio  Piedras. 

Yabucoa. 

Arroyo. 

Culebra. 

Manati. 

Sabana  Grande. 

Yauco. 

Barceloneta. 

Dorado. 

Maricao. 

Salinas. 

Barranquitas. 

Fajardo. 

Maunabo. 

San  German. 

Barros. 

Guayama. 

Mayaguez. 

San  Juan. 

Bayamon. 

Guayanilla. 

Moca. 

San  Lorenzo. 

RHODE  ISLAND 

.    Bristol. 

Kent. 

Newport. 

Providence. 

Washington. 

SAMOA. 

Manua  Island. 

Tutuila  Island. 

SOUTH 

Calhoim. 

Edgefield. 

Lancaster. 

Richland. 

CAROLINA. 

Charleston. 

Fairfield. 

Laurens. 

Saluda. 

Cherokee. 

Florence. 

Lee. 

Spartanburg. 

Abbeville. 

Chester. 

Georgetown. 

Lexington. 

Sumter. 

Aiken. 

Chesterfield. 

Greenvaie. 

Marion. 

Union. 

Anderson. 

Clarendon. 

Greenwood. 

Marlboro. 

Williamsburg. 

Bamberg. 
Barnwell. 

CoUeton. 

Hampton. 

Newberry. 

York. 

Darlington. 

Horry. 

Oconee. 

Beaufort. 

DUlon. 

Jasper. 

Orangeburg. 

Berkeley. 

Dorchester. 

Kershaw. 

Pickens. 

SOUTH 

Charles  Mix. 

Grant. 

Lyman. 
MTcCook. 

Shannon. 

DAKOTA. 

Clark. 

Gregory. 

Spink. 

Clay. 
Codington. 

Hamlin. 

McPherson. 

Stanley. 

Armstrong. 

Hand. 

MarshaU. 

Sully. 

Aurora. 

Corson. 

Hanson. 

Meade. 

Todd. 

Beadle. 

Custer. 

Harding. 

Mellette. 

Tripp. 

Bennett. 

Davison. 

Hughes. 

Miner. 

Turner. 

Bon  Homme. 

Day. 

Hutchinson. 

Minnehaha. 

Union. 

Brookings. 

Deuel. 

Hyde. 

Moody. 

Walworth. 

Brown. 

Dewey. 
Douglas. 

Jerauld. 

Pennington. 

Washabaugh. 

Brule. 

Kingsbmy. 

Perkins. 

Washington. 

Buffalo. 

Edmxmds. 

Lake. 

Potter. 

Yankton. 

Butte. 

Fall  River. 

Lawrence. 

Roberts. 

Ziebach. 

Campbell. 

Faulk. 

Lincoln. 

Sanborn. 

97724°— 13 9 


130 


RULES   AND   STYLE   OF    COMPOSITION. 


TENNESSEE. 

Davidson. 

Henderson. 

Marion. 

Sevier. 

Decatur. 

Henry. 

Marshall. 

Shelby. 

Anderson. 

Dekalb. 

Hickman. 

Maury. 

Smith. 

Bedford. 

Dickson. 

Houston. 

Meigs. 

Stewart. 

Benton. 

Dyer. 

Humphreys. 

Monroe. 

Sullivan. 

Bledsoe. 

Fayette. 

Jackson. 

Montgomery. 

Siunner. 

Blount. 

Fentress. 

James, 

Moore. 

Tipton. 

Bradley. 

Franklm. 

Jefferson, 

Morgan. 

Trousdale. 

Campbell. 

Gibson. 

Johnson, 

Obion. 

Unicoi. 

Cannon. 

GUes. 

Knox. 

Overton. 

Union. 

CarroU. 

Grainger. 

Lake. 

Perry. 

Van  Buren. 

Carter. 

Greene. 

Lauderdale. 

Pickett. 

Warren. 

Cheatham. 

Grundy. 

Lawrence. 

Polk. 

Washington. 

Chester. 

Hamblen. 

Lewis. 

Putnam. 

Wayne. 

Claiborne. 

Hamilton. 

Lincoln. 

Rhea. 

Weakley. 

Clay. 
Cocke. 

Hancock. 

Loudon. 

Roane. 

White. 

Hardeman. 

McMinn. 

Robertson. 

Williamson. 

Coffee. 

Hardin. 

McNairy. 

Rutherford. 

Wilson. 

Crockett. 

Hawkins, 

Macon. 

Scott, 

Cumberland. 

Haywood, 

Madison. 

Sequatchie. 

TEXAS. 

Coryell. 

Harris, 

McLennan. 

Schleicher. 

Cottle. 

Harrison, 

McMullen. 

Scurry. 

Anderson, 

Crane. 

Hartley, 

Madison, 

Shackelford. 

Andrews. 

Crockett, 

Haskell. 

Marion, 

Shelby. 

Angelina. 

Crosby, 

Hays. 

Martin. 

Sherman. 

Aransas. 

Culberson. 

Hemphill. 
Henderson. 

Mason. 

Smith. 

Archer. 

Dallam. 

Matagorda. 

Somervell. 

Armstrong. 

Dallas. 

Hidalgo. 

Maverick. 

Starr. 

Atascosa. 

Dawson, 

HUl. 

Medina. 

Stephens. 

Austin. 

De  Witt, 

Hockley. 

Menard. 

Sterling. 

Bailey. 

Deaf  Smith. 

Hood. 

Midland, 

Stonewall. 

Bandera. 

Delta. 

Hopkins. 

Milam. 

Sutton, 

Bastrop. 

Denton. 

Houston. 

Mills, 

Swisher. 

Baylor. 

Dickens, 

Howard. 

Mitchell. 

Tarrant. 

Bee. 

Dunmit. 

Hunt. 

Montague. 

Taylor. 

BeU. 

Donley. 

Hutchinson. 

Montgomery. 

Terrell. 

Bexar. 

Duval, 

Irion. 

Moore. 

Terry. 

Blanco. 

Eastland. 

Jack. 

Morris. 

Throckmorton 

Borden. 

Ector. 

Jackson. 

Motley. 

Titus. 

Bosque. 

Edwards. 

Jasper. 
Jeff  Davis. 

Nacogdoches. 

Tom  Green. 

Bowie. 

El  Paso. 

Navarro. 

Travis. 

Brazoria. 

Ellis, 

Jefferson. 

Newton. 

Trinity. 

Brazos. 

Erath. 

Jim  Wells. 

Nolan. 

Tyler. 

Brewster, 

Falls, 

Johnson. 

Nueces. 

Upshur. 

Briscoe. 

Fannin, 

Jones. 

OchUtree. 

Upton. 

Brooks. 

Fayette, 
Fisher, 

Karnes. 

Oldham. 

Uvalde. 

Brown. 

Kaufman. 

Orange. 
Palo  Pinto. 

Val  Verde. 

Burleson. 

Floyd. 

Kendall. 

Van  Zandt. 

Burnet, 

Foard. 

Kent. 

Panola. 

Victoria. 

CaldweU. 

Fort  Bend. 

Kerr. 

Parker. 

Walker. 

Calhoxm. 

Franklin. 

Kimble. 

Parmer. 

Waller. 

Callahan, 

Freestone. 

King. 

Pecos. 

Ward. 

Cameron. 

Frio. 

Kinney. 

Polk. 

Washington. 

Camp. 

Gaines. 

Kleberg. 

Potter. 

Webb. 

Carson. 

Galveston. 

Knox. 

Presidio. 

Wharton. 

Cass. 

Garza, 

La  Salle. 

Rains.   ' 

Wheeler. 

Castro, 

GUlespie, 

Lamar. 

Randall. 

Wichita. 

Chambers. 

Glasscock, 

Lamb. 

Reagan. 

Wilbarger. 

Cherokee, 

Goliad. 

Lampasas. 

Red  River. 

Willacy. 

Childress. 

Gonzales. 

Lavaca. 

Reeves. 

WUiiamson. 

Clay. 
Cochran. 

Gray. 

Lee. 

Refugio. 

WUson. 

Grayson. 

Leon. 

Roberts. 

Winkler. 

Coke. 

Gregg. 

Liberty. 

Robertson. 

Wise. 

Coleman. 

Grimes. 

Limestone. 

Rockwall. 

Wood. 

Collin, 

Guadalupe. 

Lipscomb. 

Runnels. 

Yoatum. 

Collingsworth, 

Hale. 

Live  Oak. 

Rusk. 

Yoimg. 

Colorado. 

Hall. 

Llano. 

Sabine. 

Zapata. 

Comal, 

Hamilton. 

Loving. 

San  Augustine. 

Zavalla. 

Comanche. 

Hansford. 

Lubbock. 

San  Jacmto. 

Concho. 

Hardeman. 

Lynn. 
McCulloch. 

San  Patricio. 

Cooke. 

Hardin. 

San  Saba. 

XTTAH. 

Davis. 

Kane. 

San  Juan. 

Utah. 

Emery. 
Garfield. 

Millard. 

Sanpete. 

Wasatch. 

Beaver. 

Morgan. 

Sevier. 

Washmgton. 

Box  Elder, 

Grand. 

Piute. 

Summit. 

Wayne. 
Weber. 

Cache. 

Iron. 

Rich. 

Tooele. 

Carbon, 

Juab. 

Salt  Lake. 

Uinta. 

VERMONT. 

Caledonia. 

Grand  Isle. 

Rutland. 

Windham. 

Chittenden. 

Lamoille. 

Washington. 

Windsor. 

Addison. 

Essex. 

Orange. 

Bennington. 

Franklin. 

Orleans. 

USEFUL  INFOKMATION. 


131 


VIRGINIA. 

Charlotte. 

Greensville. 

Montgomery. 
Nansemond. 

Roanoke. 

Chesterfield. 

Halifax. 

Rockbridge. 

Accomac. 

Clarke. 

Hanover. 

Nelson. 

Rockingham, 

Albemarle. 

Craig. 

Henrico. 

New  Kent. 

Russell. 

Alexandria. 

Culpeper. 

Henry. 

Norfolk. 

Scott. 

Alleghany. 

Cumberland. 

Highland. 

Northampton. 
Northumberland. 

Shenandoah. 

Amelia. 

Dickenson. 

Isle  of  Wight. 

Smyth. 

Amherst. 

Dinwiddle. 

James  City. 

Nottoway. 

Southampton. 

Appomattox. 

Elizabeth  City. 

King  and  Queen. 

Orange. 

Spotsylvania. 

Augusta. 
Bath. 

Essex. 

King  George. 

Page. 

Stafford. 

Fairfax. 

King  William. 

Patrick. 

Surry. 

Bedford. 

Fauquier. 

T/ancaster. 

Pittsylvania. 

Sussex. 

Bland. 

Floyd. 

Lee. 

Powhatan. 

Tazewell. 

Botetourt. 

Fluvanna. 

Loudoun. 

Prince  Edward. 

Warren. 

Brunswick. 

Franklin. 

Louisa. 

Prmce  George. 

Warwick. 

Buchanan. 

Frederick. 

Lunenburg. 

Prince  William. 

Washington. 

Buckingham. 

Giles. 

Madison. 

Princess  Anne. 

Westmoreland. 

Campbell. 
Caroline. 

Gloucester. 

Mathews. 

Pulaski. 

Wise. 

Goochland. 

Mecklenburg. 

Rappahannock. 
Richmond, 

Wythe, 

Carroll. 

Grayson. 

Middlesex. 

York. 

Charles  City. 

Greene. 

WASHINGTON. 

Columbia. 

King. 

Pend  OreUle. 

Stevens. 

Cowlitz. 

Kitsap. 

Pierce. 

Thurston. 

Adams. 

Douglas. 

Kittitas. 

San  Juan. 

Wahkiakum. 

Asotin. 

Ferry. 

Klickitat. 

Skagit. 

Walla  Walla. 

Benton. 

Franklin. 

Lewis. 

Skamania. 

Whatcom. 

Chehalis. 

Garfield. 

Lincoln. 

Snohomish. 

Whitman. 

Chelan. 

Grant. 

Mason. 

Spokane. 

Yakima. 

Clallam. 

Island. 

Okanogan. 

Clarke. 

Jefferson, 

Pacific. 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

.   Gilmer. 

Logan. 

Nicholas. 

Summers. 

Grant. 

McDowell. 

Ohio. 

Taylor. 

Barbour. 

Greenbrier. 

Marion. 

Pendleton. 

Tucker. 

Berkeley. 

Hampshire. 

Marshall. 

Pleasants. 

Tyler. 

Boone. 

Hancock. 

Mason. 

Pocahontas. 

Upshur. 
Wayne.     ' 
Webster. 

Braxton. 

Hardy. 

Mercer. 

Preston. 

Brooke. 

Harrison. 

Mineral. 

Putnam. 

Cabell. 

Jackson. 

Mingo. 

Raleigh. 

Wetzel. 

Calhoun. 

Jefferson. 

Monongalia. 

Randolph. 

Wirt. 

Clay. 
Doddridge. 

Kanawha. 

Monroe. 

Ritchie. 

Wood. 

Lewis. 

Morgan. 

Roane. 

Wyoming. 

Fayette. 

Lincohi. 

WISCONSIN. 

Dodge. 

Juneau. 

Outagamie. 
Ozaukee. 

Shawano. 

Door. 

Kenosha. 

Sheboygan. 

Adams. 

Douglas. 

Kewaunee. 

Pepin. 

Taylor. 

Ashland. 

Dvum. 

La  Crosse. 

Pierce. 

Trempealeau. 

Barron. 

Eau  Claire. 

Lafayette. 

Polk, 

Vernon. 

Bayfield. 

Florence. 

T,a.nglade. 

Portage, 

Vilas 

Brown. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Lincoln. 

Price. 

Walworth. 

Buffalo. 

Forest. 

Manitowoc. 

Racine. 

Washburn. 

Burnett. 

Grant. 

Marathon. 

Richland, 

Washington, 
Waukesha, 

Calumet. 

Green. 

Marinette. 

Rock, 

Chippewa. 

Green  Lake, 

Marquette. 

Rusk, 

Waupaca. 

Clark. 

Iowa. 

Milwaukee. 

St.  Croix. 

Waushara. 

Columbia. 

Iron. 

Monroe. 

Sauk, 

Winnebago, 

Crawford. 

Jackson. 

Oconto. 

Sawyer. 

Wood. 

Dane. 

Jefferson. 

Oneida. 

WYOMING. 

Carbon. 

Hot  Springs. 

Niobrara, 

Uinta, 

Converse. 

Johnson. 

Park, 

Washakie, 

Albany. 

Crook. 

Laramie. 

Platte. 

Weston, 

Big  Horn. 

Fremont. 

Lincoln. 

Sheridan. 

Yellowston 

Campbell. 

Goshen. 

Natrona. 

Sweetwater. 

National  Park. 

14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LIBRARY  SCHOOL  Ll^^v 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subjert  to  immediate  recall. 

JUL?  5 1957 

'                                                             Berkeley 

Manufactured  bv 

GAYLORD  BROS.  Inc. 

Syracuse;  N.  Y. 

Stockton,  Calif 


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